53. An-Najm · Grammar

The Truth of the Prophet's Revelation 1–12

Ayah 1

1. وَٱلنَّجۡمِوَالنَّجْمِBy the starGenitive · مَجْرُور
2. إِذَااِذَاwhenTime adverb · ظَرْف زَمَان
3. هَوَىٰهَوٰيit goes downPerfect · Form I

By the star when it descends,

Ayah 2

1. مَاNotNegative Harf · حَرْف نَفْي
2. ضَلَّhas strayedPerfect · Form I
3. صَاحِبُكُمۡصَاحِبُكُمْyour companionNominative · مَرْفُوع
4. وَمَاand notNegative Harf · حَرْف نَفْي
5. غَوَىٰغَوٰيhas he erredPerfect · Form I

Your companion [i.e., Muḥammad] has not strayed, nor has he erred,

Ayah 3

1. وَمَاAnd notNegative Harf · حَرْف نَفْي
2. يَنطِقُيَنْطِقُhe speaksImperfect · Form I
3. عَنِfromPreposition · حَرْف جَرّ
4. ٱلۡهَوَىٰٓالْهَوٰيthe desireGenitive · مَجْرُور

Nor does he speak from [his own] inclination.

Ayah 4

1. إِنۡاِنْNotNegative Harf · حَرْف نَفْي
2. هُوَitPronoun · ضَمِير
3. إِلَّااِلَّا(is) exceptRestriction Harf · أَدَاة حَصْر
4. وَحۡيٞوَحْيٌa revelationNominative · مَرْفُوع
5. يُوحَىٰيُّوْحٰيrevealedImperfect · Form IV

It is not but a revelation revealed,

Ayah 5

1. عَلَّمَهُۥعَلَّمَهٗHas taught himPerfect · Form II
2. شَدِيدُشَدِيْدُthe (one) mightyNominative · مَرْفُوع
3. ٱلۡقُوَىٰالْقُوٰي(in) powerGenitive · مَجْرُور

Taught to him by one intense in strength [i.e., Gabriel] -

Ayah 6

1. ذُوذُوْPossessor of soundnessNominative · مَرْفُوع
2. مِرَّةٖمِرَّةٍؕPossessor of soundnessGenitive · مَجْرُور
3. فَٱسۡتَوَىٰفَاسْتَوٰيAnd he rosePerfect · Form VIII

One of soundness. And he rose to [his] true form

Ayah 7

1. وَهُوَWhile hePronoun · ضَمِير
2. بِٱلۡأُفُقِبِالْاُفُقِ(was) in the horizon Genitive · مَجْرُور
3. ٱلۡأَعۡلَىٰالْاَعْلٰيthe highestNominative · مَرْفُوع

While he was in the higher [part of the] horizon.

Ayah 8

1. ثُمَّThenConjunction · حَرْف عَطْف
2. دَنَاhe approachedPerfect · Form I
3. فَتَدَلَّىٰفَتَدَلّٰيand came downPerfect · Form I

Then he approached and descended

Ayah 9

1. فَكَانَAnd wasPerfect · Form I
2. قَابَ(at) a distanceAccusative · مَنْصُوب
3. قَوۡسَيۡنِقَوْسَيْنِ(of) two bow-(lengths)Nominative · مَرْفُوع
4. أَوۡاَوْorConjunction · حَرْف عَطْف
5. أَدۡنَىٰاَدْنٰيnearerAccusative · مَنْصُوب

And was at a distance of two bow lengths or nearer.

Ayah 10

1. فَأَوۡحَىٰٓفَاَوْحٰٓيSo he revealedPerfect · Form IV
2. إِلَىٰاِلٰيtoPreposition · حَرْف جَرّ
3. عَبۡدِهِۦعَبْدِهٖHis slaveGenitive · مَجْرُور
4. مَآمَا͏ٓwhatRelative pronoun · اِسْم مَوْصُول
5. أَوۡحَىٰاَوْحٰيhe revealedPerfect · Form IV

And he revealed to His Servant what he revealed [i.e., conveyed].

Ayah 11

1. مَاNotNegative Harf · حَرْف نَفْي
2. كَذَبَliedPerfect · Form I
3. ٱلۡفُؤَادُالْفُو͏ٔ͏َادُthe heartNominative · مَرْفُوع
4. مَاwhatRelative pronoun · اِسْم مَوْصُول
5. رَأَىٰٓرَاٰيit sawPerfect · Form I

The heart did not lie [about] what it saw.

Ayah 12

1. أَفَتُمَٰرُونَهُۥاَفَتُمٰرُوْنَهٗThen will you dispute with himImperfect · Form I
2. عَلَىٰعَلٰيaboutPreposition · حَرْف جَرّ
3. مَاwhatRelative pronoun · اِسْم مَوْصُول
4. يَرَىٰيَرٰيhe sawImperfect · Form I

So will you dispute with him over what he saw?

The Lote Tree of the Boundary 13–18

Ayah 13

1. وَلَقَدۡوَلَقَدْAnd certainlyHarf of certainty · حَرْف تَحْقِيق
2. رَءَاهُرَاٰهُhe saw himPerfect · Form I
3. نَزۡلَةًنَزْلَةً(in) descentAccusative · مَنْصُوب
4. أُخۡرَىٰاُخْرٰيanotherNominative · مَرْفُوع

And he certainly saw him in another descent

Ayah 14

1. عِندَعِنْدَNearAccusative · مَنْصُوب
2. سِدۡرَةِسِدْرَةِ(the) Lote TreeGenitive · مَجْرُور
3. ٱلۡمُنتَهَىٰالْمُنْتَهٰي(of) the utmost boundaryGenitive · مَجْرُور

At the Lote Tree of the Utmost Boundary -

Ayah 15

1. عِندَهَاعِنْدَهَاNear itAccusative · مَنْصُوب
2. جَنَّةُ(is the) GardenNominative · مَرْفُوع
3. ٱلۡمَأۡوَىٰٓالْمَاْوٰي(of) AbodeGenitive · مَجْرُور

Near it is the Garden of Refuge [i.e., Paradise] -