90. Al-Balad · Grammar

Human Life as Toil 1–4

Ayah 1

1. لَآلَا͏ٓNayNegative Harf · حَرْف نَفْي
2. أُقۡسِمُاُقْسِمُI swearImperfect · Form IV
3. بِهَٰذَابِهٰذَاby thisDemonstrative · اِسْم إِشَارَة
4. ٱلۡبَلَدِالْبَلَدِcityGenitive · مَجْرُور

I swear by this city [i.e., Makkah] –

Ayah 2

1. وَأَنتَوَاَنْتَAnd youPronoun · ضَمِير
2. حِلُّۢحِلٌّۢ(are) free (to dwell)Nominative · مَرْفُوع
3. بِهَٰذَابِهٰذَاin thisDemonstrative · اِسْم إِشَارَة
4. ٱلۡبَلَدِالْبَلَدِcityGenitive · مَجْرُور

And you, [O Muḥammad], are free of restriction in this city –

Ayah 3

1. وَوَالِدٖوَوَالِدٍAnd the begetterGenitive · مَجْرُور
2. وَمَاوَّمَاand whatRelative pronoun · اِسْم مَوْصُول
3. وَلَدَhe begotPerfect · Form I

And [by] the father and that which was born [of him],

Ayah 4

1. لَقَدۡلَقَدْCertainlyHarf of certainty · حَرْف تَحْقِيق
2. خَلَقۡنَاخَلَقْنَاWe have createdPerfect · Form I
3. ٱلۡإِنسَٰنَالْاِنْسَانَmanAccusative · مَنْصُوب
4. فِيفِيْ(to be) inPreposition · حَرْف جَرّ
5. كَبَدٍhardshipGenitive · مَجْرُور

We have certainly created man into hardship.

Man's Boasting 5–10

Ayah 5

1. أَيَحۡسَبُاَيَحْسَبُDoes he thinkImperfect · Form I
2. أَناَنْthatSubordinating Harf · حَرْف مَصْدَرِيّ
3. لَّنلَّنْnotNegative Harf · حَرْف نَفْي
4. يَقۡدِرَيَّقْدِرَhas powerImperfect · Form I
5. عَلَيۡهِعَلَيْهِover himPreposition · حَرْف جَرّ
6. أَحَدٞاَحَدٌanyoneNominative · مَرْفُوع

Does he think that never will anyone overcome him?

Ayah 6

1. يَقُولُيَقُوْلُHe will sayImperfect · Form I
2. أَهۡلَكۡتُاَهْلَكْتُI have squanderedPerfect · Form IV
3. مَالٗامَالًاwealthAccusative · مَنْصُوب
4. لُّبَدًاabundantAccusative · مَنْصُوب

He says, "I have spent wealth in abundance."

Ayah 7

1. أَيَحۡسَبُاَيَحْسَبُDoes he thinkImperfect · Form I
2. أَناَنْthatSubordinating Harf · حَرْف مَصْدَرِيّ
3. لَّمۡلَّمْnotNegative Harf · حَرْف نَفْي
4. يَرَهُۥٓيَرَهٗٓsees himImperfect · Form I
5. أَحَدٌاَحَدٌanyoneNominative · مَرْفُوع

Does he think that no one has seen him?

Ayah 8

1. أَلَمۡاَلَمْHave notNegative Harf · حَرْف نَفْي
2. نَجۡعَلنَجْعَلْWe madeImperfect · Form I
3. لَّهُۥلَّهٗfor himPronoun · ضَمِير
4. عَيۡنَيۡنِعَيْنَيْنِtwo eyesAccusative · مَنْصُوب

Have We not made for him two eyes?

Ayah 9

1. وَلِسَانٗاوَلِسَانًاAnd a tongueAccusative · مَنْصُوب
2. وَشَفَتَيۡنِوَّشَفَتَيْنِand two lipsAccusative · مَنْصُوب

And a tongue and two lips?

Ayah 10

1. وَهَدَيۡنَٰهُوَهَدَيْنٰهُAnd shown himPerfect · Form I
2. ٱلنَّجۡدَيۡنِالنَّجْدَيْنِthe two waysAccusative · مَنْصُوب

And have shown him the two ways?

Deeds That Lead to Salvation 11–17

Ayah 11

1. فَلَاBut notNegative Harf · حَرْف نَفْي
2. ٱقۡتَحَمَاقْتَحَمَhe has attemptedPerfect · Form VIII
3. ٱلۡعَقَبَةَالْعَقَبَةَthe steep pathAccusative · مَنْصُوب

But he has not broken through the difficult pass.

Ayah 12

1. وَمَآوَمَا͏ٓAnd whatInterrogative noun · اِسْم اِسْتِفْهَام
2. أَدۡرَىٰكَاَدْرٰىكَcan make you knowPerfect · Form IV
3. مَاwhatInterrogative noun · اِسْم اِسْتِفْهَام
4. ٱلۡعَقَبَةُالْعَقَبَةُthe steep path (is)Nominative · مَرْفُوع

And what can make you know what is [breaking through] the difficult pass?

Ayah 13

1. فَكُّ(It is) freeingNominative · مَرْفُوع
2. رَقَبَةٍa neckGenitive · مَجْرُور

It is the freeing of a slave

Ayah 14

1. أَوۡاَوْOrConjunction · حَرْف عَطْف
2. إِطۡعَٰمٞاِطْعٰمٌfeedingNominative · مَرْفُوع
3. فِيفِيْinPreposition · حَرْف جَرّ
4. يَوۡمٖيَوْمٍa dayGenitive · مَجْرُور
5. ذِيذِيْofGenitive · مَجْرُور
6. مَسۡغَبَةٖمَسْغَبَةٍsevere hungerGenitive · مَجْرُور

Or feeding on a day of severe hunger

Ayah 15

1. يَتِيمٗايَّتِيْمًاAn orphanAccusative · مَنْصُوب
2. ذَاofAccusative · مَنْصُوب
3. مَقۡرَبَةٍمَقْرَبَةٍnear relationshipGenitive · مَجْرُور

An orphan of near relationship