80. 'Abasa · Grammar

The Prophet and the Blind Man 1–4

Ayah 1

1. عَبَسَHe frownedPerfect · Form I
2. وَتَوَلَّىٰٓوَتَوَلّٰٓيand turned awayPerfect · Form V

He [i.e., the Prophet (ﷺ) ] frowned and turned away

Ayah 2

1. أَناَنْBecauseSubordinating Harf · حَرْف مَصْدَرِيّ
2. جَآءَهُجَا࢜ءَهُcame to himPerfect · Form I
3. ٱلۡأَعۡمَىٰالْاَعْمٰىthe blind manNominative · مَرْفُوع

Because there came to him the blind man, [interrupting].

Ayah 3

1. وَمَاBut whatInterrogative noun · اِسْم اِسْتِفْهَام
2. يُدۡرِيكَيُدْرِيْكَwould make you knowImperfect · Form IV
3. لَعَلَّهُۥلَعَلَّهٗthat he mightAccusative Harf · حَرْف نَصْب
4. يَزَّكَّىٰٓيَزَّكّٰٓيpurify himselfImperfect · Form V

But what would make you perceive, [O Muḥammad], that perhaps he might be purified

Ayah 4

1. أَوۡاَوْOrConjunction · حَرْف عَطْف
2. يَذَّكَّرُbe remindedImperfect · Form V
3. فَتَنفَعَهُفَتَنْفَعَهُso would benefit himImperfect · Form I
4. ٱلذِّكۡرَىٰٓالذِّكْرٰىthe reminderNominative · مَرْفُوع

Or be reminded and the remembrance would benefit him?

Gentle Rebuke to the Prophet 5–10

Ayah 5

1. أَمَّااَمَّاAs forExplanation Harf · حَرْف تَفْصِيل
2. مَنِ(him) whoConditional noun · اِسْم شَرْط
3. ٱسۡتَغۡنَىٰاسْتَغْنٰىconsiders himself free from needPerfect · Form X

As for he who thinks himself without need,

Ayah 6

1. فَأَنتَفَاَنْتَSo youPronoun · ضَمِير
2. لَهُۥلَهٗto himPronoun · ضَمِير
3. تَصَدَّىٰتَصَدّٰىgive attentionImperfect · Form V

To him you give attention.

Ayah 7

1. وَمَاAnd notNegative Harf · حَرْف نَفْي
2. عَلَيۡكَعَلَيْكَupon youPreposition · حَرْف جَرّ
3. أَلَّااَلَّاthat notSubordinating Harf · حَرْف مَصْدَرِيّ
4. يَزَّكَّىٰيَزَّكّٰىhe purifies himselfImperfect · Form V

And not upon you [is any blame] if he will not be purified.

Ayah 8

1. وَأَمَّاوَاَمَّاBut as forExplanation Harf · حَرْف تَفْصِيل
2. مَنمَنْ(he) whoConditional noun · اِسْم شَرْط
3. جَآءَكَجَا࢜ءَكَcame to youPerfect · Form I
4. يَسۡعَىٰيَسْعٰىstrivingImperfect · Form I

But as for he who came to you striving [for knowledge]

Ayah 9

1. وَهُوَWhile hePronoun · ضَمِير
2. يَخۡشَىٰيَخْشٰىfearsImperfect · Form I

While he fears [Allāh],

Ayah 10

1. فَأَنتَفَاَنْتَBut youPronoun · ضَمِير
2. عَنۡهُعَنْهُfrom himPreposition · حَرْف جَرّ
3. تَلَهَّىٰتَلَهّٰى(are) distractedPerfect · Form I

From him you are distracted.

The Honored Status of the Quran 11–16

Ayah 11

1. كـَلَّآكَلَّا͏ٓNayAversion Harf · حَرْف رَدْع
2. إِنَّهَااِنَّهَاIndeed, itAccusative Harf · حَرْف نَصْب
3. تَذۡكِرَةٞتَذْكِرَةٌ(is) a reminderNominative · مَرْفُوع

No! Indeed, they [i.e., these verses] are a reminder;

Ayah 12

1. فَمَنفَمَنْSo whosoeverConditional noun · اِسْم شَرْط
2. شَآءَشَا࢜ءَwillsPerfect · Form I
3. ذَكَرَهُۥذَكَرَهٗmay remember itPerfect · Form I

So whoever wills may remember it.

Ayah 13

1. فِيفِيْInPreposition · حَرْف جَرّ
2. صُحُفٖصُحُفٍsheetsGenitive · مَجْرُور
3. مُّكَرَّمَةٖمُّكَرَّمَةٍhonoredGenitive · مَجْرُور

[It is recorded] in honored sheets,

Ayah 14

1. مَّرۡفُوعَةٖمَّرْفُوْعَةٍExaltedGenitive · مَجْرُور
2. مُّطَهَّرَةِۭمُّطَهَّرَةٍۭpurifiedGenitive · مَجْرُور

Exalted and purified,

Ayah 15

1. بِأَيۡدِيبِاَيْدِيْIn (the) handsGenitive · مَجْرُور
2. سَفَرَةٖسَفَرَةٍ(of) scribesGenitive · مَجْرُور

[Carried] by the hands of messenger-angels,

Ayah 16

1. كِرَامِۭكِرَامٍۭNobleGenitive · مَجْرُور
2. بَرَرَةٖبَرَرَةٍdutifulGenitive · مَجْرُور

Noble and dutiful.

Man's Ingratitude to His Lord 17–23

Ayah 17

1. قُتِلَIs destroyedPerfect · Form I
2. ٱلۡإِنسَٰنُالْاِنْسَانُ[the] manNominative · مَرْفُوع
3. مَآمَا͏ٓhowInterrogative noun · اِسْم اِسْتِفْهَام
4. أَكۡفَرَهُۥاَكْفَرَهٗungrateful is hePerfect · Form IV

Destroyed [i.e., cursed] is man; how disbelieving is he.

Ayah 18

1. مِنۡمِنْFromPreposition · حَرْف جَرّ
2. أَيِّاَيِّwhatNominative · مَرْفُوع
3. شَيۡءٍشَيْءٍthingGenitive · مَجْرُور
4. خَلَقَهُۥخَلَقَهٗHe created himPerfect · Form I

From what thing [i.e., substance] did He create him?

Ayah 19

1. مِنمِنْFromPreposition · حَرْف جَرّ
2. نُّطۡفَةٍنُّطْفَةٍؕa semen-dropGenitive · مَجْرُور
3. خَلَقَهُۥخَلَقَهٗHe created himPerfect · Form I
4. فَقَدَّرَهُۥفَقَدَّرَهٗthen He proportioned himPerfect · Form II

From a sperm-drop He created him and destined for him;