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He → You

Speech about someone turns into speaking to them directly.51 Iltifat · 6 disputed

Al-Fatihah 1:2–5

turns from He to You

  1. ٱلۡحَمۡدُ لِلَّهِ رَبِّ ٱلۡعَٰلَمِينَ ٢

    اَلْحَمْدُ لِلّٰهِ رَبِّ الْعٰلَمِيْنَ ۝١ۙ

    [All] praise is [due] to Allāh, Lord of the worlds -

  2. ٱلرَّحۡمَٰنِ ٱلرَّحِيمِ ٣

    الرَّحْمٰنِ الرَّحِيْمِ ۝٢ۙ

    The Entirely Merciful, the Especially Merciful,

  3. مَٰلِكِ يَوۡمِ ٱلدِّينِ ٤

    مٰلِكِ يَوْمِ الدِّيْنِ ۝٣ؕ

    Sovereign of the Day of Recompense.

  4. إِيَّاكَ نَعۡبُدُ وَإِيَّاكَ نَسۡتَعِينُ ٥

    اِيَّاكَ نَعْبُدُ وَاِيَّاكَ نَسْتَعِيْنُ ۝٤ؕ

    It is You we worship and You we ask for help.

Direct address turns praise of God into worship and petition for help.

Al-Baqarah 2:17–21

turns from He to You

  1. مَثَلُهُمۡ كَمَثَلِ ٱلَّذِي ٱسۡتَوۡقَدَ نَارٗا فَلَمَّآ أَضَآءَتۡ مَا حَوۡلَهُۥ ذَهَبَ ٱللَّهُ بِنُورِهِمۡ وَتَرَكَهُمۡ فِي ظُلُمَٰتٖ لَّا يُبۡصِرُونَ ١٧

    مَثَلُهُمْ كَمَثَلِ الَّذِي اسْتَوْقَدَ نَارًاۚ فَلَمَّا͏ٓ اَضَا࢜ءَتْ مَا حَوْلَهٗ ذَهَبَ اللّٰهُ بِنُوْرِهِمْ وَتَرَكَهُمْ فِيْ ظُلُمٰتٍ لَّا يُبْصِرُوْنَ ۝١٧

    Their example is that of one who kindled a fire, but when it illuminated what was around him, Allāh took away their light and left them in darkness [so] they could not see.

  2. صُمُّۢ بُكۡمٌ عُمۡيٞ فَهُمۡ لَا يَرۡجِعُونَ ١٨

    صُمٌّۢ بُكْمٌ عُمْيٌ فَهُمْ لَا يَرْجِعُوْنَ ۝١٨ۙ

    Deaf, dumb and blind - so they will not return [to the right path].

  3. أَوۡ كَصَيِّبٖ مِّنَ ٱلسَّمَآءِ فِيهِ ظُلُمَٰتٞ وَرَعۡدٞ وَبَرۡقٞ يَجۡعَلُونَ أَصَٰبِعَهُمۡ فِيٓ ءَاذَانِهِم مِّنَ ٱلصَّوَٰعِقِ حَذَرَ ٱلۡمَوۡتِۚ وَٱللَّهُ مُحِيطُۢ بِٱلۡكَٰفِرِينَ ١٩

    اَوْ كَصَيِّبٍ مِّنَ السَّمَا࢜ءِ فِيْهِ ظُلُمٰتٌ وَّرَعْدٌ وَّبَرْقٌۚ يَجْعَلُوْنَ اَصَابِعَهُمْ فِيْٓ اٰذَانِهِمْ مِّنَ الصَّوَاعِقِ حَذَرَ الْمَوْتِؕ وَاللّٰهُ مُحِيْطٌۢ بِالْكٰفِرِيْنَ ۝١٩

    Or [it is] like a rainstorm from the sky within which is darkness, thunder and lightning. They put their fingers in their ears against the thunderclaps in dread of death. But Allāh is encompassing of the disbelievers.

  4. يَكَادُ ٱلۡبَرۡقُ يَخۡطَفُ أَبۡصَٰرَهُمۡۖ كُلَّمَآ أَضَآءَ لَهُم مَّشَوۡاْ فِيهِ وَإِذَآ أَظۡلَمَ عَلَيۡهِمۡ قَامُواْۚ وَلَوۡ شَآءَ ٱللَّهُ لَذَهَبَ بِسَمۡعِهِمۡ وَأَبۡصَٰرِهِمۡۚ إِنَّ ٱللَّهَ عَلَىٰ كُلِّ شَيۡءٖ قَدِيرٞ ٢٠

    يَكَادُ الْبَرْقُ يَخْطَفُ اَبْصَارَهُمْؕ كُلَّمَا͏ٓ اَضَا࢜ءَ لَهُمْ مَّشَوْا فِيْهِࣗۙ وَاِذَا͏ٓ اَظْلَمَ عَلَيْهِمْ قَامُوْاؕ وَلَوْ شَا࢜ءَ اللّٰهُ لَذَهَبَ بِسَمْعِهِمْ وَاَبْصَارِهِمْؕ اِنَّ اللّٰهَ عَلٰي كُلِّ شَيْءٍ قَدِيْرٌ ۝٢٠

    The lightning almost snatches away their sight. Every time it lights [the way] for them, they walk therein; but when darkness comes over them, they stand [still]. And if Allāh had willed, He could have taken away their hearing and their sight. Indeed, Allāh is over all things competent.

  5. يَٰٓأَيُّهَا ٱلنَّاسُ ٱعۡبُدُواْ رَبَّكُمُ ٱلَّذِي خَلَقَكُمۡ وَٱلَّذِينَ مِن قَبۡلِكُمۡ لَعَلَّكُمۡ تَتَّقُونَ ٢١

    يٰٓاَيُّهَا النَّاسُ اعْبُدُوْا رَبَّكُمُ الَّذِيْ خَلَقَكُمْ وَالَّذِيْنَ مِنْ قَبْلِكُمْ لَعَلَّكُمْ تَتَّقُوْنَ ۝٢١ۙ

    O mankind, worship your Lord, who created you and those before you, that you may become righteous -

Disputed

The address broadens the preceding depiction of particular people to all humanity; strict identity of referent is less clear.

Al-Baqarah 2:23–25

turns from He to You

  1. وَإِن كُنتُمۡ فِي رَيۡبٖ مِّمَّا نَزَّلۡنَا عَلَىٰ عَبۡدِنَا فَأۡتُواْ بِسُورَةٖ مِّن مِّثۡلِهِۦ وَٱدۡعُواْ شُهَدَآءَكُم مِّن دُونِ ٱللَّهِ إِن كُنتُمۡ صَٰدِقِينَ ٢٣

    وَاِنْ كُنْتُمْ فِيْ رَيْبٍ مِّمَّا نَزَّلْنَا عَلٰي عَبْدِنَا فَاْتُوْا بِسُوْرَةٍ مِّنْ مِّثْلِهٖࣕ وَادْعُوْا شُهَدَا࢜ءَكُمْ مِّنْ دُوْنِ اللّٰهِ اِنْ كُنْتُمْ صٰدِقِيْنَ ۝٢٣

    And if you are in doubt about what We have sent down [i.e., the Qur’ān] upon Our Servant [i.e., Prophet Muḥammad (ﷺ)], then produce a sūrah the like thereof and call upon your witnesses [i.e., supporters] other than Allāh, if you should be truthful.

  2. فَإِن لَّمۡ تَفۡعَلُواْ وَلَن تَفۡعَلُواْ فَٱتَّقُواْ ٱلنَّارَ ٱلَّتِي وَقُودُهَا ٱلنَّاسُ وَٱلۡحِجَارَةُۖ أُعِدَّتۡ لِلۡكَٰفِرِينَ ٢٤

    فَاِنْ لَّمْ تَفْعَلُوْا وَلَنْ تَفْعَلُوْا فَاتَّقُوا النَّارَ الَّتِيْ وَقُوْدُهَا النَّاسُ وَالْحِجَارَةُۚۖ اُعِدَّتْ لِلْكٰفِرِيْنَ ۝٢٤

    But if you do not - and you will never be able to - then fear the Fire, whose fuel is people and stones, prepared for the disbelievers.

  3. وَبَشِّرِ ٱلَّذِينَ ءَامَنُواْ وَعَمِلُواْ ٱلصَّٰلِحَٰتِ أَنَّ لَهُمۡ جَنَّٰتٖ تَجۡرِي مِن تَحۡتِهَا ٱلۡأَنۡهَٰرُۖ كُلَّمَا رُزِقُواْ مِنۡهَا مِن ثَمَرَةٖ رِّزۡقٗا قَالُواْ هَٰذَا ٱلَّذِي رُزِقۡنَا مِن قَبۡلُۖ وَأُتُواْ بِهِۦ مُتَشَٰبِهٗاۖ وَلَهُمۡ فِيهَآ أَزۡوَٰجٞ مُّطَهَّرَةٞۖ وَهُمۡ فِيهَا خَٰلِدُونَ ٢٥

    وَبَشِّرِ الَّذِيْنَ اٰمَنُوْا وَعَمِلُوا الصّٰلِحٰتِ اَنَّ لَهُمْ جَنّٰتٍ تَجْرِيْ مِنْ تَحْتِهَا الْاَنْهٰرُؕ كُلَّمَا رُزِقُوْا مِنْهَا مِنْ ثَمَرَةٍ رِّزْقًاۙ قَالُوْا هٰذَا الَّذِيْ رُزِقْنَا مِنْ قَبْلُۙ وَاُتُوْا بِهٖ مُتَشَابِهًاؕ وَلَهُمْ فِيْهَا͏ٓ اَزْوَاجٌ مُّطَهَّرَةٌࣗۙ وَّهُمْ فِيْهَا خٰلِدُوْنَ ۝٢٥

    And give good tidings to those who believe and do righteous deeds that they will have gardens [in Paradise] beneath which rivers flow. Whenever they are provided with a provision of fruit therefrom, they will say, "This is what we were provided with before." And it is given to them in likeness. And they will have therein purified spouses, and they will abide therein eternally.

The direct command to the Prophet turns mention of God's servant into a charge to announce good news.

Al-Baqarah 2:27–28

turns from He to You

  1. ٱلَّذِينَ يَنقُضُونَ عَهۡدَ ٱللَّهِ مِنۢ بَعۡدِ مِيثَٰقِهِۦ وَيَقۡطَعُونَ مَآ أَمَرَ ٱللَّهُ بِهِۦٓ أَن يُوصَلَ وَيُفۡسِدُونَ فِي ٱلۡأَرۡضِۚ أُوْلَٰٓئِكَ هُمُ ٱلۡخَٰسِرُونَ ٢٧

    الَّذِيْنَ يَنْقُضُوْنَ عَهْدَ اللّٰهِ مِنْۢ بَعْدِ مِيْثَاقِهٖࣕ وَيَقْطَعُوْنَ مَا͏ٓ اَمَرَ اللّٰهُ بِهٖٓ اَنْ يُّوْصَلَ وَيُفْسِدُوْنَ فِي الْاَرْضِؕ اُولٰ࢜ىِٕكَ هُمُ الْخٰسِرُوْنَ ۝٢٧

    Who break the covenant of Allāh after contracting it and sever that which Allāh has ordered to be joined and cause corruption on earth. It is those who are the losers.

  2. كَيۡفَ تَكۡفُرُونَ بِٱللَّهِ وَكُنتُمۡ أَمۡوَٰتٗا فَأَحۡيَٰكُمۡۖ ثُمَّ يُمِيتُكُمۡ ثُمَّ يُحۡيِيكُمۡ ثُمَّ إِلَيۡهِ تُرۡجَعُونَ ٢٨

    كَيْفَ تَكْفُرُوْنَ بِاللّٰهِ وَكُنْتُمْ اَمْوَاتًا فَاَحْيَاكُمْۚ ثُمَّ يُمِيْتُكُمْ ثُمَّ يُحْيِيْكُمْ ثُمَّ اِلَيْهِ تُرْجَعُوْنَ ۝٢٨

    How can you disbelieve in Allāh when you were lifeless and He brought you to life; then He will cause you to die, then He will bring you [back] to life, and then to Him you will be returned.

Direct address personally confronts those described as covenant-breakers with their disbelief.

Al-Baqarah 2:60

turns from He to You

  1. وَإِذِ ٱسۡتَسۡقَىٰ مُوسَىٰ لِقَوۡمِهِۦ فَقُلۡنَا ٱضۡرِب بِّعَصَاكَ ٱلۡحَجَرَۖ فَٱنفَجَرَتۡ مِنۡهُ ٱثۡنَتَا عَشۡرَةَ عَيۡنٗاۖ قَدۡ عَلِمَ كُلُّ أُنَاسٖ مَّشۡرَبَهُمۡۖ كُلُواْ وَٱشۡرَبُواْ مِن رِّزۡقِ ٱللَّهِ وَلَا تَعۡثَوۡاْ فِي ٱلۡأَرۡضِ مُفۡسِدِينَ ٦٠

    وَاِذِ اسْتَسْقٰي مُوْسٰي لِقَوْمِهٖ فَقُلْنَا اضْرِبْ بِّعَصَاكَ الْحَجَرَؕ فَانْفَجَرَتْ مِنْهُ اثْنَتَا عَشْرَةَ عَيْنًاؕ قَدْ عَلِمَ كُلُّ اُنَاسٍ مَّشْرَبَهُمْؕ كُلُوْا وَاشْرَبُوْا مِنْ رِّزْقِ اللّٰهِ وَلَا تَعْثَوْا فِي الْاَرْضِ مُفْسِدِيْنَ ۝٦٠

    And [recall] when Moses prayed for water for his people, so We said, "Strike with your staff the stone." And there gushed forth from it twelve springs, and every people [i.e., tribe] knew its watering place. "Eat and drink from the provision of Allāh, and do not commit abuse on the earth, spreading corruption."

The commands make the narrated recipients of water directly responsible for gratitude and restraint.

Al-Baqarah 2:83

turns from He to You

  1. وَإِذۡ أَخَذۡنَا مِيثَٰقَ بَنِيٓ إِسۡرَٰٓءِيلَ لَا تَعۡبُدُونَ إِلَّا ٱللَّهَ وَبِٱلۡوَٰلِدَيۡنِ إِحۡسَانٗا وَذِي ٱلۡقُرۡبَىٰ وَٱلۡيَتَٰمَىٰ وَٱلۡمَسَٰكِينِ وَقُولُواْ لِلنَّاسِ حُسۡنٗا وَأَقِيمُواْ ٱلصَّلَوٰةَ وَءَاتُواْ ٱلزَّكَوٰةَ ثُمَّ تَوَلَّيۡتُمۡ إِلَّا قَلِيلٗا مِّنكُمۡ وَأَنتُم مُّعۡرِضُونَ ٨٣

    وَاِذْ اَخَذْنَا مِيْثَاقَ بَنِيْٓ اِسْرَا࢜ءِيْلَ لَا تَعْبُدُوْنَ اِلَّا اللّٰهَࣞ وَبِالْوَالِدَيْنِ اِحْسَانًا وَّذِي الْقُرْبٰي وَالْيَتٰمٰي وَالْمَسٰكِيْنِ وَقُوْلُوْا لِلنَّاسِ حُسْنًا وَّاَقِيْمُوا الصَّلٰوةَ وَاٰتُوا الزَّكٰوةَؕ ثُمَّ تَوَلَّيْتُمْ اِلَّا قَلِيْلًا مِّنْكُمْ وَاَنْتُمْ مُّعْرِضُوْنَ ۝٨٣

    And [recall] when We took the covenant from the Children of Israel, [enjoining upon them], "Do not worship except Allāh; and to parents do good and to relatives, orphans, and the needy. And speak to people good [words] and establish prayer and give zakāh." Then you turned away, except a few of you, and you were refusing.

Direct address makes Israel's covenant obligations immediate rather than merely narrated.

Al-Baqarah 2:213–214

turns from He to You

  1. كَانَ ٱلنَّاسُ أُمَّةٗ وَٰحِدَةٗ فَبَعَثَ ٱللَّهُ ٱلنَّبِيِّـۧنَ مُبَشِّرِينَ وَمُنذِرِينَ وَأَنزَلَ مَعَهُمُ ٱلۡكِتَٰبَ بِٱلۡحَقِّ لِيَحۡكُمَ بَيۡنَ ٱلنَّاسِ فِيمَا ٱخۡتَلَفُواْ فِيهِۚ وَمَا ٱخۡتَلَفَ فِيهِ إِلَّا ٱلَّذِينَ أُوتُوهُ مِنۢ بَعۡدِ مَا جَآءَتۡهُمُ ٱلۡبَيِّنَٰتُ بَغۡيَۢا بَيۡنَهُمۡۖ فَهَدَى ٱللَّهُ ٱلَّذِينَ ءَامَنُواْ لِمَا ٱخۡتَلَفُواْ فِيهِ مِنَ ٱلۡحَقِّ بِإِذۡنِهِۦۗ وَٱللَّهُ يَهۡدِي مَن يَشَآءُ إِلَىٰ صِرَٰطٖ مُّسۡتَقِيمٍ ٢١٣

    كَانَ النَّاسُ اُمَّةً وَّاحِدَةًࣞ فَبَعَثَ اللّٰهُ النَّبِيّٖنَ مُبَشِّرِيْنَ وَمُنْذِرِيْنَࣕ وَاَنْزَلَ مَعَهُمُ الْكِتٰبَ بِالْحَقِّ لِيَحْكُمَ بَيْنَ النَّاسِ فِيْمَا اخْتَلَفُوْا فِيْهِؕ وَمَا اخْتَلَفَ فِيْهِ اِلَّا الَّذِيْنَ اُوْتُوْهُ مِنْۢ بَعْدِ مَا جَا࢜ءَتْهُمُ الْبَيِّنٰتُ بَغْيًاۢ بَيْنَهُمْۚ فَهَدَي اللّٰهُ الَّذِيْنَ اٰمَنُوْا لِمَا اخْتَلَفُوْا فِيْهِ مِنَ الْحَقِّ بِاِذْنِهٖؕ وَاللّٰهُ يَهْدِيْ مَنْ يَّشَا࢜ءُ اِلٰي صِرَاطٍ مُّسْتَقِيْمٍ ۝٢١٣

    Mankind was [of] one religion [before their deviation]; then Allāh sent the prophets as bringers of good tidings and warners and sent down with them the Scripture in truth to judge between the people concerning that in which they differed. And none differed over it [i.e., the Scripture] except those who were given it - after the clear proofs came to them - out of jealous animosity among themselves. And Allāh guided those who believed to the truth concerning that over which they had differed, by His permission. And Allāh guides whom He wills to a straight path.

  2. أَمۡ حَسِبۡتُمۡ أَن تَدۡخُلُواْ ٱلۡجَنَّةَ وَلَمَّا يَأۡتِكُم مَّثَلُ ٱلَّذِينَ خَلَوۡاْ مِن قَبۡلِكُمۖ مَّسَّتۡهُمُ ٱلۡبَأۡسَآءُ وَٱلضَّرَّآءُ وَزُلۡزِلُواْ حَتَّىٰ يَقُولَ ٱلرَّسُولُ وَٱلَّذِينَ ءَامَنُواْ مَعَهُۥ مَتَىٰ نَصۡرُ ٱللَّهِۗ أَلَآ إِنَّ نَصۡرَ ٱللَّهِ قَرِيبٞ ٢١٤

    اَمْ حَسِبْتُمْ اَنْ تَدْخُلُوا الْجَنَّةَ وَلَمَّا يَاْتِكُمْ مَّثَلُ الَّذِيْنَ خَلَوْا مِنْ قَبْلِكُمْؕ مَسَّتْهُمُ الْبَاْسَا࢜ءُ وَالضَّرَّا࢜ءُ وَزُلْزِلُوْا حَتّٰي يَقُوْلَ الرَّسُوْلُ وَالَّذِيْنَ اٰمَنُوْا مَعَهٗ مَتٰي نَصْرُ اللّٰهِؕ اَلَا͏ٓ اِنَّ نَصْرَ اللّٰهِ قَرِيْبٌ ۝٢١٤

    Or do you think that you will enter Paradise while such [trial] has not yet come to you as came to those who passed on before you? They were touched by poverty and hardship and were shaken until [even their] messenger and those who believed with him said, "When is the help of Allāh?" Unquestionably, the help of Allāh is near.

Addressing the believers directly makes earlier communities' trials a present lesson for them.

Al-Baqarah 2:228–229

turns from He to You

  1. وَٱلۡمُطَلَّقَٰتُ يَتَرَبَّصۡنَ بِأَنفُسِهِنَّ ثَلَٰثَةَ قُرُوٓءٖۚ وَلَا يَحِلُّ لَهُنَّ أَن يَكۡتُمۡنَ مَا خَلَقَ ٱللَّهُ فِيٓ أَرۡحَامِهِنَّ إِن كُنَّ يُؤۡمِنَّ بِٱللَّهِ وَٱلۡيَوۡمِ ٱلۡأٓخِرِۚ وَبُعُولَتُهُنَّ أَحَقُّ بِرَدِّهِنَّ فِي ذَٰلِكَ إِنۡ أَرَادُوٓاْ إِصۡلَٰحٗاۚ وَلَهُنَّ مِثۡلُ ٱلَّذِي عَلَيۡهِنَّ بِٱلۡمَعۡرُوفِۚ وَلِلرِّجَالِ عَلَيۡهِنَّ دَرَجَةٞۗ وَٱللَّهُ عَزِيزٌ حَكِيمٌ ٢٢٨

    وَالْمُطَلَّقٰتُ يَتَرَبَّصْنَ بِاَنْفُسِهِنَّ ثَلٰثَةَ قُرُوْ࢜ءٍؕ وَلَا يَحِلُّ لَهُنَّ اَنْ يَّكْتُمْنَ مَا خَلَقَ اللّٰهُ فِيْٓ اَرْحَامِهِنَّ اِنْ كُنَّ يُو͏ٔ͏ْمِنَّ بِاللّٰهِ وَالْيَوْمِ الْاٰخِرِؕ وَبُعُوْلَتُهُنَّ اَحَقُّ بِرَدِّهِنَّ فِيْ ذٰلِكَ اِنْ اَرَادُوْٓا اِصْلَاحًاؕ وَلَهُنَّ مِثْلُ الَّذِيْ عَلَيْهِنَّ بِالْمَعْرُوْفِࣕ وَلِلرِّجَالِ عَلَيْهِنَّ دَرَجَةٌؕ وَاللّٰهُ عَزِيْزٌ حَكِيْمٌ ۝٢٢٨

    Divorced women remain in waiting [i.e., do not remarry] for three periods, and it is not lawful for them to conceal what Allāh has created in their wombs if they believe in Allāh and the Last Day. And their husbands have more right to take them back in this [period] if they want reconciliation. And due to them [i.e., the wives] is similar to what is expected of them, according to what is reasonable. But the men [i.e., husbands] have a degree over them [in responsibility and authority]. And Allāh is Exalted in Might and Wise.

  2. ٱلطَّلَٰقُ مَرَّتَانِۖ فَإِمۡسَاكُۢ بِمَعۡرُوفٍ أَوۡ تَسۡرِيحُۢ بِإِحۡسَٰنٖۗ وَلَا يَحِلُّ لَكُمۡ أَن تَأۡخُذُواْ مِمَّآ ءَاتَيۡتُمُوهُنَّ شَيۡـًٔا إِلَّآ أَن يَخَافَآ أَلَّا يُقِيمَا حُدُودَ ٱللَّهِۖ فَإِنۡ خِفۡتُمۡ أَلَّا يُقِيمَا حُدُودَ ٱللَّهِ فَلَا جُنَاحَ عَلَيۡهِمَا فِيمَا ٱفۡتَدَتۡ بِهِۦۗ تِلۡكَ حُدُودُ ٱللَّهِ فَلَا تَعۡتَدُوهَاۚ وَمَن يَتَعَدَّ حُدُودَ ٱللَّهِ فَأُوْلَٰٓئِكَ هُمُ ٱلظَّٰلِمُونَ ٢٢٩

    اَلطَّلَاقُ مَرَّتٰنِࣕ فَاِمْسَاكٌۢ بِمَعْرُوْفٍ اَوْ تَسْرِيْحٌۢ بِاِحْسَانٍؕ وَلَا يَحِلُّ لَكُمْ اَنْ تَاْخُذُوْا مِمَّا͏ٓ اٰتَيْتُمُوْهُنَّ شَيْـًٔا اِلَّا͏ٓ اَنْ يَّخَافَا͏ٓ اَلَّا يُقِيْمَا حُدُوْدَ اللّٰهِؕ فَاِنْ خِفْتُمْ اَلَّا يُقِيْمَا حُدُوْدَ اللّٰهِۙ فَلَا جُنَاحَ عَلَيْهِمَا فِيْمَا افْتَدَتْ بِهٖؕ تِلْكَ حُدُوْدُ اللّٰهِ فَلَا تَعْتَدُوْهَاۚ وَمَنْ يَّتَعَدَّ حُدُوْدَ اللّٰهِ فَاُولٰ࢜ىِٕكَ هُمُ الظّٰلِمُوْنَ ۝٢٢٩

    Divorce is twice. Then [after that], either keep [her] in an acceptable manner or release [her] with good treatment. And it is not lawful for you to take anything of what you have given them unless both fear that they will not be able to keep [within] the limits of Allāh. But if you fear that they will not keep [within] the limits of Allāh, then there is no blame upon either of them concerning that by which she ransoms herself. These are the limits of Allāh, so do not transgress them. And whoever transgresses the limits of Allāh - it is those who are the wrongdoers [i.e., the unjust].

Directly addressing husbands makes the preceding account of their divorce rights an immediate legal responsibility.

Al-Baqarah 2:233

turns from He to You

  1. وَٱلۡوَٰلِدَٰتُ يُرۡضِعۡنَ أَوۡلَٰدَهُنَّ حَوۡلَيۡنِ كَامِلَيۡنِۖ لِمَنۡ أَرَادَ أَن يُتِمَّ ٱلرَّضَاعَةَۚ وَعَلَى ٱلۡمَوۡلُودِ لَهُۥ رِزۡقُهُنَّ وَكِسۡوَتُهُنَّ بِٱلۡمَعۡرُوفِۚ لَا تُكَلَّفُ نَفۡسٌ إِلَّا وُسۡعَهَاۚ لَا تُضَآرَّ وَٰلِدَةُۢ بِوَلَدِهَا وَلَا مَوۡلُودٞ لَّهُۥ بِوَلَدِهِۦۚ وَعَلَى ٱلۡوَارِثِ مِثۡلُ ذَٰلِكَۗ فَإِنۡ أَرَادَا فِصَالًا عَن تَرَاضٖ مِّنۡهُمَا وَتَشَاوُرٖ فَلَا جُنَاحَ عَلَيۡهِمَاۗ وَإِنۡ أَرَدتُّمۡ أَن تَسۡتَرۡضِعُوٓاْ أَوۡلَٰدَكُمۡ فَلَا جُنَاحَ عَلَيۡكُمۡ إِذَا سَلَّمۡتُم مَّآ ءَاتَيۡتُم بِٱلۡمَعۡرُوفِۗ وَٱتَّقُواْ ٱللَّهَ وَٱعۡلَمُوٓاْ أَنَّ ٱللَّهَ بِمَا تَعۡمَلُونَ بَصِيرٞ ٢٣٣

    وَالْوَالِدٰتُ يُرْضِعْنَ اَوْلَادَهُنَّ حَوْلَيْنِ كَامِلَيْنِ لِمَنْ اَرَادَ اَنْ يُّتِمَّ الرَّضَاعَةَؕ وَعَلَي الْمَوْلُوْدِ لَهٗ رِزْقُهُنَّ وَكِسْوَتُهُنَّ بِالْمَعْرُوْفِؕ لَا تُكَلَّفُ نَفْسٌ اِلَّا وُسْعَهَاۚ لَا تُضَا࢜رَّ وَالِدَةٌۢ بِوَلَدِهَا وَلَا مَوْلُوْدٌ لَّهٗ بِوَلَدِهٖࣗ وَعَلَي الْوَارِثِ مِثْلُ ذٰلِكَۚ فَاِنْ اَرَادَا فِصَالًا عَنْ تَرَاضٍ مِّنْهُمَا وَتَشَاوُرٍ فَلَا جُنَاحَ عَلَيْهِمَاؕ وَاِنْ اَرَدْتُّمْ اَنْ تَسْتَرْضِعُوْٓا اَوْلَادَكُمْ فَلَا جُنَاحَ عَلَيْكُمْ اِذَا سَلَّمْتُمْ مَّا͏ٓ اٰتَيْتُمْ بِالْمَعْرُوْفِؕ وَاتَّقُوا اللّٰهَ وَاعْلَمُوْٓا اَنَّ اللّٰهَ بِمَا تَعْمَلُوْنَ بَصِيْرٌ ۝٢٣٣

    Mothers may nurse [i.e., breastfeed] their children two complete years for whoever wishes to complete the nursing [period]. Upon the father is their [i.e., the mothers'] provision and their clothing according to what is acceptable. No person is charged with more than his capacity. No mother should be harmed through her child, and no father through his child. And upon the [father's] heir is [a duty] like that [of the father]. And if they both desire weaning through mutual consent from both of them and consultation, there is no blame upon either of them. And if you wish to have your children nursed by a substitute, there is no blame upon you as long as you give payment according to what is acceptable. And fear Allāh and know that Allāh is Seeing of what you do.

The direct address makes the audience responsible for fair arrangements for nursing and payment.

Ali 'Imran 3:180

turns from He to You

  1. وَلَا يَحۡسَبَنَّ ٱلَّذِينَ يَبۡخَلُونَ بِمَآ ءَاتَىٰهُمُ ٱللَّهُ مِن فَضۡلِهِۦ هُوَ خَيۡرٗا لَّهُمۖ بَلۡ هُوَ شَرّٞ لَّهُمۡۖ سَيُطَوَّقُونَ مَا بَخِلُواْ بِهِۦ يَوۡمَ ٱلۡقِيَٰمَةِۗ وَلِلَّهِ مِيرَٰثُ ٱلسَّمَٰوَٰتِ وَٱلۡأَرۡضِۗ وَٱللَّهُ بِمَا تَعۡمَلُونَ خَبِيرٞ ١٨٠

    وَلَا يَحْسَبَنَّ الَّذِيْنَ يَبْخَلُوْنَ بِمَا͏ٓ اٰتٰىهُمُ اللّٰهُ مِنْ فَضْلِهٖ هُوَ خَيْرًا لَّهُمْؕ بَلْ هُوَ شَرٌّ لَّهُمْؕ سَيُطَوَّقُوْنَ مَا بَخِلُوْا بِهٖ يَوْمَ الْقِيٰمَةِؕ وَلِلّٰهِ مِيْرَاثُ السَّمٰوٰتِ وَالْاَرْضِؕ وَاللّٰهُ بِمَا تَعْمَلُوْنَ خَبِيْرٌ ۝١٨٠

    And let not those who [greedily] withhold what Allāh has given them of His bounty ever think that it is better for them. Rather, it is worse for them. Their necks will be encircled by what they withheld on the Day of Resurrection. And to Allāh belongs the heritage of the heavens and the earth. And Allāh, of what you do, is [fully] Aware.

The final direct reference to the audience's deeds makes the warning against hoarding personally accountable.

An-Nisa 4:11

turns from He to You

  1. يُوصِيكُمُ ٱللَّهُ فِيٓ أَوۡلَٰدِكُمۡۖ لِلذَّكَرِ مِثۡلُ حَظِّ ٱلۡأُنثَيَيۡنِۚ فَإِن كُنَّ نِسَآءٗ فَوۡقَ ٱثۡنَتَيۡنِ فَلَهُنَّ ثُلُثَا مَا تَرَكَۖ وَإِن كَانَتۡ وَٰحِدَةٗ فَلَهَا ٱلنِّصۡفُۚ وَلِأَبَوَيۡهِ لِكُلِّ وَٰحِدٖ مِّنۡهُمَا ٱلسُّدُسُ مِمَّا تَرَكَ إِن كَانَ لَهُۥ وَلَدٞۚ فَإِن لَّمۡ يَكُن لَّهُۥ وَلَدٞ وَوَرِثَهُۥٓ أَبَوَاهُ فَلِأُمِّهِ ٱلثُّلُثُۚ فَإِن كَانَ لَهُۥٓ إِخۡوَةٞ فَلِأُمِّهِ ٱلسُّدُسُۚ مِنۢ بَعۡدِ وَصِيَّةٖ يُوصِي بِهَآ أَوۡ دَيۡنٍۗ ءَابَآؤُكُمۡ وَأَبۡنَآؤُكُمۡ لَا تَدۡرُونَ أَيُّهُمۡ أَقۡرَبُ لَكُمۡ نَفۡعٗاۚ فَرِيضَةٗ مِّنَ ٱللَّهِۗ إِنَّ ٱللَّهَ كَانَ عَلِيمًا حَكِيمٗا ١١

    يُوْصِيْكُمُ اللّٰهُ فِيْٓ اَوْلَادِكُمْࣗ لِلذَّكَرِ مِثْلُ حَظِّ الْاُنْثَيَيْنِۚ فَاِنْ كُنَّ نِسَا࢜ءً فَوْقَ اثْنَتَيْنِ فَلَهُنَّ ثُلُثَا مَا تَرَكَۚ وَاِنْ كَانَتْ وَاحِدَةً فَلَهَا النِّصْفُؕ وَلِاَبَوَيْهِ لِكُلِّ وَاحِدٍ مِّنْهُمَا السُّدُسُ مِمَّا تَرَكَ اِنْ كَانَ لَهٗ وَلَدٌۚ فَاِنْ لَّمْ يَكُنْ لَّهٗ وَلَدٌ وَّوَرِثَهٗٓ اَبَوٰهُ فَلِاُمِّهِ الثُّلُثُۚ فَاِنْ كَانَ لَهٗٓ اِخْوَةٌ فَلِاُمِّهِ السُّدُسُ مِنْۢ بَعْدِ وَصِيَّةٍ يُّوْصِيْ بِهَا͏ٓ اَوْ دَيْنٍؕ اٰبَا࢜و͏ٔ͏ُكُمْ وَاَبْنَا࢜و͏ٔ͏ُكُمْ لَا تَدْرُوْنَ اَيُّهُمْ اَقْرَبُ لَكُمْ نَفْعًاؕ فَرِيْضَةً مِّنَ اللّٰهِؕ اِنَّ اللّٰهَ كَانَ عَلِيْمًا حَكِيْمًا ۝١١

    Allāh instructs you concerning your children [i.e., their portions of inheritance]: for the male, what is equal to the share of two females. But if there are [only] daughters, two or more, for them is two thirds of one's estate. And if there is only one, for her is half. And for one's parents, to each one of them is a sixth of his estate if he left children. But if he had no children and the parents [alone] inherit from him, then for his mother is one third. And if he had brothers [and/or sisters], for his mother is a sixth, after any bequest he [may have] made or debt. Your parents or your children - you know not which of them are nearest to you in benefit. [These shares are] an obligation [imposed] by Allāh. Indeed, Allāh is ever Knowing and Wise.

Disputed

Direct address applies the inheritance rules to the audience's families, but the preceding third-person decedent is not clearly the same referent as the living addressees.

Al-An'am 6:6

turns from He to You

  1. أَلَمۡ يَرَوۡاْ كَمۡ أَهۡلَكۡنَا مِن قَبۡلِهِم مِّن قَرۡنٖ مَّكَّنَّٰهُمۡ فِي ٱلۡأَرۡضِ مَا لَمۡ نُمَكِّن لَّكُمۡ وَأَرۡسَلۡنَا ٱلسَّمَآءَ عَلَيۡهِم مِّدۡرَارٗا وَجَعَلۡنَا ٱلۡأَنۡهَٰرَ تَجۡرِي مِن تَحۡتِهِمۡ فَأَهۡلَكۡنَٰهُم بِذُنُوبِهِمۡ وَأَنشَأۡنَا مِنۢ بَعۡدِهِمۡ قَرۡنًا ءَاخَرِينَ ٦

    اَلَمْ يَرَوْا كَمْ اَهْلَكْنَا مِنْ قَبْلِهِمْ مِّنْ قَرْنٍ مَّكَّنّٰهُمْ فِي الْاَرْضِ مَا لَمْ نُمَكِّنْ لَّكُمْ وَاَرْسَلْنَا السَّمَا࢜ءَ عَلَيْهِمْ مِّدْرَارًاࣕ وَّجَعَلْنَا الْاَنْهٰرَ تَجْرِيْ مِنْ تَحْتِهِمْ فَاَهْلَكْنٰهُمْ بِذُنُوْبِهِمْ وَاَنْشَاْنَا مِنْۢ بَعْدِهِمْ قَرْنًا اٰخَرِيْنَ ۝٦

    Have they not seen how many generations We destroyed before them which We had established upon the earth as We have not established you? And We sent [rain from] the sky upon them in showers and made rivers flow beneath them; then We destroyed them for their sins and brought forth after them a generation of others.

Addressing the current rejecters directly makes the fate of stronger former generations a warning to them.

Al-Anfal 8:6–7

turns from He to You

  1. يُجَٰدِلُونَكَ فِي ٱلۡحَقِّ بَعۡدَ مَا تَبَيَّنَ كَأَنَّمَا يُسَاقُونَ إِلَى ٱلۡمَوۡتِ وَهُمۡ يَنظُرُونَ ٦

    يُجَادِلُوْنَكَ فِي الْحَقِّ بَعْدَ مَا تَبَيَّنَ كَاَنَّمَا يُسَاقُوْنَ اِلَي الْمَوْتِ وَهُمْ يَنْظُرُوْنَ ۝٦ؕ

    Arguing with you concerning the truth after it had become clear, as if they were being driven toward death while they were looking on.

  2. وَإِذۡ يَعِدُكُمُ ٱللَّهُ إِحۡدَى ٱلطَّآئِفَتَيۡنِ أَنَّهَا لَكُمۡ وَتَوَدُّونَ أَنَّ غَيۡرَ ذَاتِ ٱلشَّوۡكَةِ تَكُونُ لَكُمۡ وَيُرِيدُ ٱللَّهُ أَن يُحِقَّ ٱلۡحَقَّ بِكَلِمَٰتِهِۦ وَيَقۡطَعَ دَابِرَ ٱلۡكَٰفِرِينَ ٧

    وَاِذْ يَعِدُكُمُ اللّٰهُ اِحْدَي الطَّا࢜ىِٕفَتَيْنِ اَنَّهَا لَكُمْ وَتَوَدُّوْنَ اَنَّ غَيْرَ ذَاتِ الشَّوْكَةِ تَكُوْنُ لَكُمْ وَيُرِيْدُ اللّٰهُ اَنْ يُّحِقَّ الْحَقَّ بِكَلِمٰتِهٖ وَيَقْطَعَ دَابِرَ الْكٰفِرِيْنَ ۝٧ۙ

    [Remember, O believers], when Allāh promised you one of the two groups - that it would be yours - and you wished that the unarmed one would be yours. But Allāh intended to establish the truth by His words and to eliminate the disbelievers

Direct address brings the account of hesitant believers back to the promise made to them.

Al-Anfal 8:13–14

turns from He to You

  1. ذَٰلِكَ بِأَنَّهُمۡ شَآقُّواْ ٱللَّهَ وَرَسُولَهُۥۚ وَمَن يُشَاقِقِ ٱللَّهَ وَرَسُولَهُۥ فَإِنَّ ٱللَّهَ شَدِيدُ ٱلۡعِقَابِ ١٣

    ذٰلِكَ بِاَنَّهُمْ شَا࢜قُّوا اللّٰهَ وَرَسُوْلَهٗۚ وَمَنْ يُّشَاقِقِ اللّٰهَ وَرَسُوْلَهٗ فَاِنَّ اللّٰهَ شَدِيْدُ الْعِقَابِ ۝١٣

    That is because they opposed Allāh and His Messenger. And whoever opposes Allāh and His Messenger - indeed, Allāh is severe in penalty.

  2. ذَٰلِكُمۡ فَذُوقُوهُ وَأَنَّ لِلۡكَٰفِرِينَ عَذَابَ ٱلنَّارِ ١٤

    ذٰلِكُمْ فَذُوْقُوْهُ وَاَنَّ لِلْكٰفِرِيْنَ عَذَابَ النَّارِ ۝١٤

    "That [is yours], so taste it." And indeed for the disbelievers is the punishment of the Fire.

The direct command to taste punishment makes the warning to opponents immediate.

At-Tawbah 9:18–19

turns from He to You

  1. إِنَّمَا يَعۡمُرُ مَسَٰجِدَ ٱللَّهِ مَنۡ ءَامَنَ بِٱللَّهِ وَٱلۡيَوۡمِ ٱلۡأٓخِرِ وَأَقَامَ ٱلصَّلَوٰةَ وَءَاتَى ٱلزَّكَوٰةَ وَلَمۡ يَخۡشَ إِلَّا ٱللَّهَۖ فَعَسَىٰٓ أُوْلَٰٓئِكَ أَن يَكُونُواْ مِنَ ٱلۡمُهۡتَدِينَ ١٨

    اِنَّمَا يَعْمُرُ مَسٰجِدَ اللّٰهِ مَنْ اٰمَنَ بِاللّٰهِ وَالْيَوْمِ الْاٰخِرِ وَاَقَامَ الصَّلٰوةَ وَاٰتَي الزَّكٰوةَ وَلَمْ يَخْشَ اِلَّا اللّٰهَ فَعَسٰٓي اُولٰ࢜ىِٕكَ اَنْ يَّكُوْنُوْا مِنَ الْمُهْتَدِيْنَ ۝١٨

    The mosques of Allāh are only to be maintained by those who believe in Allāh and the Last Day and establish prayer and give zakāh and do not fear except Allāh, for it is expected that those will be of the [rightly] guided.

  2. أَجَعَلۡتُمۡ سِقَايَةَ ٱلۡحَآجِّ وَعِمَارَةَ ٱلۡمَسۡجِدِ ٱلۡحَرَامِ كَمَنۡ ءَامَنَ بِٱللَّهِ وَٱلۡيَوۡمِ ٱلۡأٓخِرِ وَجَٰهَدَ فِي سَبِيلِ ٱللَّهِۚ لَا يَسۡتَوُۥنَ عِندَ ٱللَّهِۗ وَٱللَّهُ لَا يَهۡدِي ٱلۡقَوۡمَ ٱلظَّٰلِمِينَ ١٩

    اَجَعَلْتُمْ سِقَايَةَ الْحَا࢜جِّ وَعِمَارَةَ الْمَسْجِدِ الْحَرَامِ كَمَنْ اٰمَنَ بِاللّٰهِ وَالْيَوْمِ الْاٰخِرِ وَجٰهَدَ فِيْ سَبِيْلِ اللّٰهِؕ لَا يَسْتَوٗنَ عِنْدَ اللّٰهِؕ وَاللّٰهُ لَا يَهْدِي الْقَوْمَ الظّٰلِمِيْنَ ۝١٩ۘ

    Have you made the providing of water for the pilgrim and the maintenance of al-Masjid al-Ḥarām equal to [the deeds of] one who believes in Allāh and the Last Day and strives in the cause of Allāh? They are not equal in the sight of Allāh. And Allāh does not guide the wrongdoing people.

Disputed

The question engages the audience in comparing religious service and faith; its exact identity with the preceding group is uncertain.

At-Tawbah 9:68–69

turns from He to You

  1. وَعَدَ ٱللَّهُ ٱلۡمُنَٰفِقِينَ وَٱلۡمُنَٰفِقَٰتِ وَٱلۡكُفَّارَ نَارَ جَهَنَّمَ خَٰلِدِينَ فِيهَاۚ هِيَ حَسۡبُهُمۡۚ وَلَعَنَهُمُ ٱللَّهُۖ وَلَهُمۡ عَذَابٞ مُّقِيمٞ ٦٨

    وَعَدَ اللّٰهُ الْمُنٰفِقِيْنَ وَالْمُنٰفِقٰتِ وَالْكُفَّارَ نَارَ جَهَنَّمَ خٰلِدِيْنَ فِيْهَاؕ هِيَ حَسْبُهُمْۚ وَلَعَنَهُمُ اللّٰهُۚ وَلَهُمْ عَذَابٌ مُّقِيْمٌ ۝٦٨ۙ

    Allāh has promised the hypocrite men and hypocrite women and the disbelievers the fire of Hell, wherein they will abide eternally. It is sufficient for them. And Allāh has cursed them, and for them is an enduring punishment.

  2. كَٱلَّذِينَ مِن قَبۡلِكُمۡ كَانُوٓاْ أَشَدَّ مِنكُمۡ قُوَّةٗ وَأَكۡثَرَ أَمۡوَٰلٗا وَأَوۡلَٰدٗا فَٱسۡتَمۡتَعُواْ بِخَلَٰقِهِمۡ فَٱسۡتَمۡتَعۡتُم بِخَلَٰقِكُمۡ كَمَا ٱسۡتَمۡتَعَ ٱلَّذِينَ مِن قَبۡلِكُم بِخَلَٰقِهِمۡ وَخُضۡتُمۡ كَٱلَّذِي خَاضُوٓاْۚ أُوْلَٰٓئِكَ حَبِطَتۡ أَعۡمَٰلُهُمۡ فِي ٱلدُّنۡيَا وَٱلۡأٓخِرَةِۖ وَأُوْلَٰٓئِكَ هُمُ ٱلۡخَٰسِرُونَ ٦٩

    كَالَّذِيْنَ مِنْ قَبْلِكُمْ كَانُوْٓا اَشَدَّ مِنْكُمْ قُوَّةً وَّاَكْثَرَ اَمْوَالًا وَّاَوْلَادًاؕ فَاسْتَمْتَعُوْا بِخَلَاقِهِمْ فَاسْتَمْتَعْتُمْ بِخَلَاقِكُمْ كَمَا اسْتَمْتَعَ الَّذِيْنَ مِنْ قَبْلِكُمْ بِخَلَاقِهِمْ وَخُضْتُمْ كَالَّذِيْ خَاضُوْاؕ اُولٰ࢜ىِٕكَ حَبِطَتْ اَعْمَالُهُمْ فِي الدُّنْيَا وَالْاٰخِرَةِۚ وَاُولٰ࢜ىِٕكَ هُمُ الْخٰسِرُوْنَ ۝٦٩

    [You disbelievers are] like those before you; they were stronger than you in power and more abundant in wealth and children. They enjoyed their portion [of worldly enjoyment], and you have enjoyed your portion as those before you enjoyed their portion, and you have engaged [in vanities] like that in which they engaged. [It is] those whose deeds have become worthless in this world and in the Hereafter, and it is they who are the losers.

Direct address confronts the hypocrites with their repetition of earlier peoples' conduct.

Yunus 10:2–3

turns from He to You

  1. أَكَانَ لِلنَّاسِ عَجَبًا أَنۡ أَوۡحَيۡنَآ إِلَىٰ رَجُلٖ مِّنۡهُمۡ أَنۡ أَنذِرِ ٱلنَّاسَ وَبَشِّرِ ٱلَّذِينَ ءَامَنُوٓاْ أَنَّ لَهُمۡ قَدَمَ صِدۡقٍ عِندَ رَبِّهِمۡۗ قَالَ ٱلۡكَٰفِرُونَ إِنَّ هَٰذَا لَسَٰحِرٞ مُّبِينٌ ٢

    اَكَانَ لِلنَّاسِ عَجَبًا اَنْ اَوْحَيْنَا͏ٓ اِلٰي رَجُلٍ مِّنْهُمْ اَنْ اَنْذِرِ النَّاسَ وَبَشِّرِ الَّذِيْنَ اٰمَنُوْٓا اَنَّ لَهُمْ قَدَمَ صِدْقٍ عِنْدَ رَبِّهِمْؕؔ قَالَ الْكٰفِرُوْنَ اِنَّ هٰذَا لَسٰحِرٌ مُّبِيْنٌ ۝٢

    Have the people been amazed that We revealed [revelation] to a man from among them, [saying], "Warn mankind and give good tidings to those who believe that they will have a [firm] precedence of honor with their Lord"? [But] the disbelievers say, "Indeed, this is an obvious magician."

  2. إِنَّ رَبَّكُمُ ٱللَّهُ ٱلَّذِي خَلَقَ ٱلسَّمَٰوَٰتِ وَٱلۡأَرۡضَ فِي سِتَّةِ أَيَّامٖ ثُمَّ ٱسۡتَوَىٰ عَلَى ٱلۡعَرۡشِۖ يُدَبِّرُ ٱلۡأَمۡرَۖ مَا مِن شَفِيعٍ إِلَّا مِنۢ بَعۡدِ إِذۡنِهِۦۚ ذَٰلِكُمُ ٱللَّهُ رَبُّكُمۡ فَٱعۡبُدُوهُۚ أَفَلَا تَذَكَّرُونَ ٣

    اِنَّ رَبَّكُمُ اللّٰهُ الَّذِيْ خَلَقَ السَّمٰوٰتِ وَالْاَرْضَ فِيْ سِتَّةِ اَيَّامٍ ثُمَّ اسْتَوٰي عَلَي الْعَرْشِ يُدَبِّرُ الْاَمْرَؕ مَا مِنْ شَفِيْعٍ اِلَّا مِنْۢ بَعْدِ اِذْنِهٖؕ ذٰلِكُمُ اللّٰهُ رَبُّكُمْ فَاعْبُدُوْهُؕ اَفَلَا تَذَكَّرُوْنَ ۝٣

    Indeed, your Lord is Allāh, who created the heavens and the earth in six days and then established Himself above the Throne, arranging the matter [of His creation]. There is no intercessor except after His permission. That is Allāh, your Lord, so worship Him. Then will you not remember?

Direct address summons the people just described to recognize and worship their Lord.

Yunus 10:68

turns from He to You

  1. قَالُواْ ٱتَّخَذَ ٱللَّهُ وَلَدٗاۗ سُبۡحَٰنَهُۥۖ هُوَ ٱلۡغَنِيُّۖ لَهُۥ مَا فِي ٱلسَّمَٰوَٰتِ وَمَا فِي ٱلۡأَرۡضِۚ إِنۡ عِندَكُم مِّن سُلۡطَٰنِۭ بِهَٰذَآۚ أَتَقُولُونَ عَلَى ٱللَّهِ مَا لَا تَعۡلَمُونَ ٦٨

    قَالُوا اتَّخَذَ اللّٰهُ وَلَدًا سُبْحٰنَهٗؕ هُوَ الْغَنِيُّؕ لَهٗ مَا فِي السَّمٰوٰتِ وَمَا فِي الْاَرْضِؕ اِنْ عِنْدَكُمْ مِّنْ سُلْطٰنٍۭ بِهٰذَاؕ اَتَقُوْلُوْنَ عَلَي اللّٰهِ مَا لَا تَعْلَمُوْنَ ۝٦٨

    They have said, "Allāh has taken a son." Exalted is He; He is the [one] Free of need. To Him belongs whatever is in the heavens and whatever is in the earth. You have no authority for this [claim]. Do you say about Allāh that which you do not know?

Direct address confronts those claiming divine offspring with their lack of evidence.

Hud 11:13–14

turns from He to You

  1. أَمۡ يَقُولُونَ ٱفۡتَرَىٰهُۖ قُلۡ فَأۡتُواْ بِعَشۡرِ سُوَرٖ مِّثۡلِهِۦ مُفۡتَرَيَٰتٖ وَٱدۡعُواْ مَنِ ٱسۡتَطَعۡتُم مِّن دُونِ ٱللَّهِ إِن كُنتُمۡ صَٰدِقِينَ ١٣

    اَمْ يَقُوْلُوْنَ افْتَرٰىهُؕ قُلْ فَاْتُوْا بِعَشْرِ سُوَرٍ مِّثْلِهٖ مُفْتَرَيٰتٍ وَّادْعُوْا مَنِ اسْتَطَعْتُمْ مِّنْ دُوْنِ اللّٰهِ اِنْ كُنْتُمْ صٰدِقِيْنَ ۝١٣

    Or do they say, "He invented it"? Say, "Then bring ten sūrahs like it that have been invented and call upon [for assistance] whomever you can besides Allāh, if you should be truthful."

  2. فَإِلَّمۡ يَسۡتَجِيبُواْ لَكُمۡ فَٱعۡلَمُوٓاْ أَنَّمَآ أُنزِلَ بِعِلۡمِ ٱللَّهِ وَأَن لَّآ إِلَٰهَ إِلَّا هُوَۖ فَهَلۡ أَنتُم مُّسۡلِمُونَ ١٤

    فَاِلَّمْ يَسْتَجِيْبُوْا لَكُمْ فَاعْلَمُوْٓا اَنَّمَا͏ٓ اُنْزِلَ بِعِلْمِ اللّٰهِ وَاَنْ لَّا͏ٓ اِلٰهَ اِلَّا هُوَۚ فَهَلْ اَنْتُمْ مُّسْلِمُوْنَ ۝١٤

    And if they do not respond to you - then know that it [i.e., the Qur’ān] was revealed with the knowledge of Allāh and that there is no deity except Him. Then, would you [not] be Muslims?

The direct challenge makes the claim of fabrication answerable by the opponents themselves; the address already begins in 11:13.

An-Nahl 16:55

turns from He to You

  1. لِيَكۡفُرُواْ بِمَآ ءَاتَيۡنَٰهُمۡۚ فَتَمَتَّعُواْ فَسَوۡفَ تَعۡلَمُونَ ٥٥

    لِيَكْفُرُوْا بِمَا͏ٓ اٰتَيْنٰهُمْؕ فَتَمَتَّعُوْاࣞ فَسَوْفَ تَعْلَمُوْنَ ۝٥٥

    So they will deny what We have given them. Then enjoy yourselves, for you are going to know.

The direct imperative makes the warning to ungrateful recipients of favor urgent.

An-Nahl 16:68

turns from He to You

  1. وَأَوۡحَىٰ رَبُّكَ إِلَى ٱلنَّحۡلِ أَنِ ٱتَّخِذِي مِنَ ٱلۡجِبَالِ بُيُوتٗا وَمِنَ ٱلشَّجَرِ وَمِمَّا يَعۡرِشُونَ ٦٨

    وَاَوْحٰي رَبُّكَ اِلَي النَّحْلِ اَنِ اتَّخِذِيْ مِنَ الْجِبَالِ بُيُوْتًا وَّمِنَ الشَّجَرِ وَمِمَّا يَعْرِشُوْنَ ۝٦٨ۙ

    And your Lord inspired to the bee, "Take for yourself among the mountains, houses [i.e., hives], and among the trees and [in] that which they construct.

The bee becomes the immediate recipient of the divine command about its habitation.

An-Nahl 16:73–74

turns from He to You

  1. وَيَعۡبُدُونَ مِن دُونِ ٱللَّهِ مَا لَا يَمۡلِكُ لَهُمۡ رِزۡقٗا مِّنَ ٱلسَّمَٰوَٰتِ وَٱلۡأَرۡضِ شَيۡـٔٗا وَلَا يَسۡتَطِيعُونَ ٧٣

    وَيَعْبُدُوْنَ مِنْ دُوْنِ اللّٰهِ مَا لَا يَمْلِكُ لَهُمْ رِزْقًا مِّنَ السَّمٰوٰتِ وَالْاَرْضِ شَيْـًٔا وَّلَا يَسْتَطِيْعُوْنَ ۝٧٣ۚ

    And they worship besides Allāh that which does not possess for them [the power of] provision from the heavens and the earth at all, and [in fact], they are unable.

  2. فَلَا تَضۡرِبُواْ لِلَّهِ ٱلۡأَمۡثَالَۚ إِنَّ ٱللَّهَ يَعۡلَمُ وَأَنتُمۡ لَا تَعۡلَمُونَ ٧٤

    فَلَا تَضْرِبُوْا لِلّٰهِ الْاَمْثَالَؕ اِنَّ اللّٰهَ يَعْلَمُ وَاَنْتُمْ لَا تَعْلَمُوْنَ ۝٧٤

    So do not assert similarities to Allāh. Indeed, Allāh knows and you do not know.

Direct address turns the account of false worship into a prohibition on making false comparisons about God.

Maryam 19:88–89

turns from He to You

  1. وَقَالُواْ ٱتَّخَذَ ٱلرَّحۡمَٰنُ وَلَدٗا ٨٨

    وَقَالُوا اتَّخَذَ الرَّحْمٰنُ وَلَدًا ۝٨٨ؕ

    And they say, "The Most Merciful has taken [for Himself] a son."

  2. لَّقَدۡ جِئۡتُمۡ شَيۡـًٔا إِدّٗا ٨٩

    لَقَدْ جِي͏ٔ͏ْتُمْ شَيْـًٔا اِدًّا ۝٨٩ۙ

    You have done an atrocious thing.

Direct address confronts the speakers' claim of divine offspring as a grave offense.

Al-Anbya 21:37

turns from He to You

  1. خُلِقَ ٱلۡإِنسَٰنُ مِنۡ عَجَلٖۚ سَأُوْرِيكُمۡ ءَايَٰتِي فَلَا تَسۡتَعۡجِلُونِ ٣٧

    خُلِقَ الْاِنْسَانُ مِنْ عَجَلٍؕ سَاُورِيْكُمْ اٰيٰتِيْ فَلَا تَسْتَعْجِلُوْنِ ۝٣٧

    Man was created of haste [i.e., impatience]. I will show you My signs [i.e., vengeance], so do not impatiently urge Me.

The direct warning brings the general description of human impatience to bear on the audience.

Al-Mu'minun 23:14–15

turns from He to You

  1. ثُمَّ خَلَقۡنَا ٱلنُّطۡفَةَ عَلَقَةٗ فَخَلَقۡنَا ٱلۡعَلَقَةَ مُضۡغَةٗ فَخَلَقۡنَا ٱلۡمُضۡغَةَ عِظَٰمٗا فَكَسَوۡنَا ٱلۡعِظَٰمَ لَحۡمٗا ثُمَّ أَنشَأۡنَٰهُ خَلۡقًا ءَاخَرَۚ فَتَبَارَكَ ٱللَّهُ أَحۡسَنُ ٱلۡخَٰلِقِينَ ١٤

    ثُمَّ خَلَقْنَا النُّطْفَةَ عَلَقَةً فَخَلَقْنَا الْعَلَقَةَ مُضْغَةً فَخَلَقْنَا الْمُضْغَةَ عِظٰمًا فَكَسَوْنَا الْعِظٰمَ لَحْمًاࣗ ثُمَّ اَنْشَاْنٰهُ خَلْقًا اٰخَرَؕ فَتَبٰرَكَ اللّٰهُ اَحْسَنُ الْخٰلِقِيْنَ ۝١٤ؕ

    Then We made the sperm-drop into a clinging clot, and We made the clot into a lump [of flesh], and We made [from] the lump, bones, and We covered the bones with flesh; then We developed him into another creation. So blessed is Allāh, the best of creators.

  2. ثُمَّ إِنَّكُم بَعۡدَ ذَٰلِكَ لَمَيِّتُونَ ١٥

    ثُمَّ اِنَّكُمْ بَعْدَ ذٰلِكَ لَمَيِّتُوْنَ ۝١٥ؕ

    Then indeed, after that you are to die.

Direct address applies the account of human creation to the audience's own mortality.

Al-Mu'minun 23:64–65

turns from He to You

  1. حَتَّىٰٓ إِذَآ أَخَذۡنَا مُتۡرَفِيهِم بِٱلۡعَذَابِ إِذَا هُمۡ يَجۡـَٔرُونَ ٦٤

    حَتّٰٓي اِذَا͏ٓ اَخَذْنَا مُتْرَفِيْهِمْ بِالْعَذَابِ اِذَا هُمْ يَجْـَٔرُوْنَ ۝٦٤ؕ

    Until when We seize their affluent ones with punishment, at once they are crying [to Allāh] for help.

  2. لَا تَجۡـَٔرُواْ ٱلۡيَوۡمَۖ إِنَّكُم مِّنَّا لَا تُنصَرُونَ ٦٥

    لَا تَجْـَٔرُوا الْيَوْمَࣞ اِنَّكُمْ مِّنَّا لَا تُنْصَرُوْنَ ۝٦٥

    Do not cry out today. Indeed, by Us you will not be helped.

The direct prohibition of crying out makes the rejection of the punished people's plea immediate.

An-Naml 27:90

turns from He to You

  1. وَمَن جَآءَ بِٱلسَّيِّئَةِ فَكُبَّتۡ وُجُوهُهُمۡ فِي ٱلنَّارِ هَلۡ تُجۡزَوۡنَ إِلَّا مَا كُنتُمۡ تَعۡمَلُونَ ٩٠

    وَمَنْ جَا࢜ءَ بِالسَّيِّي͏ٔ͏َةِ فَكُبَّتْ وُجُوْهُهُمْ فِي النَّارِؕ هَلْ تُجْزَوْنَ اِلَّا مَا كُنْتُمْ تَعْمَلُوْنَ ۝٩٠

    And whoever comes with an evil deed - their faces will be overturned into the Fire, [and it will be said], "Are you recompensed except for what you used to do?"

Direct address confronts those cast into the Fire with the consequences of their own acts.

Ar-Rum 30:34

turns from He to You

  1. لِيَكۡفُرُواْ بِمَآ ءَاتَيۡنَٰهُمۡۚ فَتَمَتَّعُواْ فَسَوۡفَ تَعۡلَمُونَ ٣٤

    لِيَكْفُرُوْا بِمَا͏ٓ اٰتَيْنٰهُمْؕ فَتَمَتَّعُوْاࣟ فَسَوْفَ تَعْلَمُوْنَ ۝٣٤

    So that they will deny what We have granted them. Then enjoy yourselves, for you are going to know.

Direct address makes the warning about ungrateful enjoyment personal and urgent.

Luqman 31:32–33

turns from He to You

  1. وَإِذَا غَشِيَهُم مَّوۡجٞ كَٱلظُّلَلِ دَعَوُاْ ٱللَّهَ مُخۡلِصِينَ لَهُ ٱلدِّينَ فَلَمَّا نَجَّىٰهُمۡ إِلَى ٱلۡبَرِّ فَمِنۡهُم مُّقۡتَصِدٞۚ وَمَا يَجۡحَدُ بِـَٔايَٰتِنَآ إِلَّا كُلُّ خَتَّارٖ كَفُورٖ ٣٢

    وَاِذَا غَشِيَهُمْ مَّوْجٌ كَالظُّلَلِ دَعَوُا اللّٰهَ مُخْلِصِيْنَ لَهُ الدِّيْنَ࣢ۚ فَلَمَّا نَجّٰىهُمْ اِلَي الْبَرِّ فَمِنْهُمْ مُّقْتَصِدٌؕ وَمَا يَجْحَدُ بِاٰيٰتِنَا͏ٓ اِلَّا كُلُّ خَتَّارٍ كَفُوْرٍ ۝٣٢

    And when waves come over them like canopies, they supplicate Allāh, sincere to Him in religion [i.e., faith]. But when He delivers them to the land, there are [some] of them who are moderate [in faith]. And none rejects Our signs except everyone treacherous and ungrateful.

  2. يَٰٓأَيُّهَا ٱلنَّاسُ ٱتَّقُواْ رَبَّكُمۡ وَٱخۡشَوۡاْ يَوۡمٗا لَّا يَجۡزِي وَالِدٌ عَن وَلَدِهِۦ وَلَا مَوۡلُودٌ هُوَ جَازٍ عَن وَالِدِهِۦ شَيۡـًٔاۚ إِنَّ وَعۡدَ ٱللَّهِ حَقّٞۖ فَلَا تَغُرَّنَّكُمُ ٱلۡحَيَوٰةُ ٱلدُّنۡيَا وَلَا يَغُرَّنَّكُم بِٱللَّهِ ٱلۡغَرُورُ ٣٣

    يٰٓاَيُّهَا النَّاسُ اتَّقُوْا رَبَّكُمْ وَاخْشَوْا يَوْمًا لَّا يَجْزِيْ وَالِدٌ عَنْ وَّلَدِهٖؗ وَلَا مَوْلُوْدٌ هُوَ جَازٍ عَنْ وَّالِدِهٖ شَيْـًٔاؕ اِنَّ وَعْدَ اللّٰهِ حَقٌّ فَلَا تَغُرَّنَّكُمُ الْحَيٰوةُ الدُّنْيَاࣟ وَلَا يَغُرَّنَّكُمْ بِاللّٰهِ الْغَرُوْرُ ۝٣٣

    O mankind, fear your Lord and fear a Day when no father will avail his son, nor will a son avail his father at all. Indeed, the promise of Allāh is truth, so let not the worldly life delude you and be not deceived about Allāh by the Deceiver [i.e., Satan].

The direct warning extends the lesson of human helplessness to the audience's accountability at judgment.

Al-Ahzab 33:55

turns from He to You

  1. لَّا جُنَاحَ عَلَيۡهِنَّ فِيٓ ءَابَآئِهِنَّ وَلَآ أَبۡنَآئِهِنَّ وَلَآ إِخۡوَٰنِهِنَّ وَلَآ أَبۡنَآءِ إِخۡوَٰنِهِنَّ وَلَآ أَبۡنَآءِ أَخَوَٰتِهِنَّ وَلَا نِسَآئِهِنَّ وَلَا مَا مَلَكَتۡ أَيۡمَٰنُهُنَّۗ وَٱتَّقِينَ ٱللَّهَۚ إِنَّ ٱللَّهَ كَانَ عَلَىٰ كُلِّ شَيۡءٖ شَهِيدًا ٥٥

    لَا جُنَاحَ عَلَيْهِنَّ فِيْٓ اٰبَا࢜ىِٕهِنَّ وَلَا͏ٓ اَبْنَا࢜ىِٕهِنَّ وَلَا͏ٓ اِخْوَانِهِنَّ وَلَا͏ٓ اَبْنَا࢜ءِ اِخْوَانِهِنَّ وَلَا͏ٓ اَبْنَا࢜ءِ اَخَوٰتِهِنَّ وَلَا نِسَا࢜ىِٕهِنَّ وَلَا مَا مَلَكَتْ اَيْمَانُهُنَّۚ وَاتَّقِيْنَ اللّٰهَؕ اِنَّ اللّٰهَ كَانَ عَلٰي كُلِّ شَيْءٍ شَهِيْدًا ۝٥٥

    There is no blame upon them [i.e., women] concerning their fathers or their sons or their brothers or their brothers' sons or their sisters' sons or their women or those their right hands possess [i.e., slaves]. And fear Allāh. Indeed Allāh is ever, over all things, Witness.

The Prophet's wives become direct recipients of the command to fear God after their exemptions are described.

Saba 34:35–37

turns from He to You

  1. وَقَالُواْ نَحۡنُ أَكۡثَرُ أَمۡوَٰلٗا وَأَوۡلَٰدٗا وَمَا نَحۡنُ بِمُعَذَّبِينَ ٣٥

    وَقَالُوْا نَحْنُ اَكْثَرُ اَمْوَالًا وَّاَوْلَادًاۙ وَّمَا نَحْنُ بِمُعَذَّبِيْنَ ۝٣٥

    And they said, "We are more [than the believers] in wealth and children, and we are not to be punished."

  2. قُلۡ إِنَّ رَبِّي يَبۡسُطُ ٱلرِّزۡقَ لِمَن يَشَآءُ وَيَقۡدِرُ وَلَٰكِنَّ أَكۡثَرَ ٱلنَّاسِ لَا يَعۡلَمُونَ ٣٦

    قُلْ اِنَّ رَبِّيْ يَبْسُطُ الرِّزْقَ لِمَنْ يَّشَا࢜ءُ وَيَقْدِرُ وَلٰكِنَّ اَكْثَرَ النَّاسِ لَا يَعْلَمُوْنَ ۝٣٦

    Say, "Indeed, my Lord extends provision for whom He wills and restricts [it], but most of the people do not know."

  3. وَمَآ أَمۡوَٰلُكُمۡ وَلَآ أَوۡلَٰدُكُم بِٱلَّتِي تُقَرِّبُكُمۡ عِندَنَا زُلۡفَىٰٓ إِلَّا مَنۡ ءَامَنَ وَعَمِلَ صَٰلِحٗا فَأُوْلَٰٓئِكَ لَهُمۡ جَزَآءُ ٱلضِّعۡفِ بِمَا عَمِلُواْ وَهُمۡ فِي ٱلۡغُرُفَٰتِ ءَامِنُونَ ٣٧

    وَمَا͏ٓ اَمْوَالُكُمْ وَلَا͏ٓ اَوْلَادُكُمْ بِالَّتِيْ تُقَرِّبُكُمْ عِنْدَنَا زُلْفٰٓي اِلَّا مَنْ اٰمَنَ وَعَمِلَ صَالِحًاؗ فَاُولٰ࢜ىِٕكَ لَهُمْ جَزَا࢜ءُ الضِّعْفِ بِمَا عَمِلُوْا وَهُمْ فِي الْغُرُفٰتِ اٰمِنُوْنَ ۝٣٧

    And it is not your wealth or your children that bring you nearer to Us in position, but it is [by being] one who has believed and done righteousness. For them there will be the double reward for what they did, and they will be in the upper chambers [of Paradise], safe [and secure].

Direct address confronts the wealthy speakers with the limits of wealth and offspring as claims to divine favor.

Fatir 35:2–3

turns from He to You

  1. مَّا يَفۡتَحِ ٱللَّهُ لِلنَّاسِ مِن رَّحۡمَةٖ فَلَا مُمۡسِكَ لَهَاۖ وَمَا يُمۡسِكۡ فَلَا مُرۡسِلَ لَهُۥ مِنۢ بَعۡدِهِۦۚ وَهُوَ ٱلۡعَزِيزُ ٱلۡحَكِيمُ ٢

    مَا يَفْتَحِ اللّٰهُ لِلنَّاسِ مِنْ رَّحْمَةٍ فَلَا مُمْسِكَ لَهَاۚ وَمَا يُمْسِكْۙ فَلَا مُرْسِلَ لَهٗ مِنْۢ بَعْدِهٖؕ وَهُوَ الْعَزِيْزُ الْحَكِيْمُ ۝٢

    Whatever Allāh grants to people of mercy - none can withhold it; and whatever He withholds - none can release it thereafter. And He is the Exalted in Might, the Wise.

  2. يَٰٓأَيُّهَا ٱلنَّاسُ ٱذۡكُرُواْ نِعۡمَتَ ٱللَّهِ عَلَيۡكُمۡۚ هَلۡ مِنۡ خَٰلِقٍ غَيۡرُ ٱللَّهِ يَرۡزُقُكُم مِّنَ ٱلسَّمَآءِ وَٱلۡأَرۡضِۚ لَآ إِلَٰهَ إِلَّا هُوَۖ فَأَنَّىٰ تُؤۡفَكُونَ ٣

    يٰٓاَيُّهَا النَّاسُ اذْكُرُوْا نِعْمَتَ اللّٰهِ عَلَيْكُمْؕ هَلْ مِنْ خَالِقٍ غَيْرُ اللّٰهِ يَرْزُقُكُمْ مِّنَ السَّمَا࢜ءِ وَالْاَرْضِؕ لَا͏ٓ اِلٰهَ اِلَّا هُوَؗۖ فَاَنّٰي تُو͏ٔ͏ْفَكُوْنَ ۝٣

    O mankind, remember the favor of Allāh upon you. Is there any creator other than Allāh who provides for you from the heaven and earth? There is no deity except Him, so how are you deluded?

Humanity becomes the direct audience of the reminder about God's provision and exclusive creative power.

Ya-Sin 36:52–59

turns from He to You

  1. قَالُواْ يَٰوَيۡلَنَا مَنۢ بَعَثَنَا مِن مَّرۡقَدِنَاۜۗ هَٰذَا مَا وَعَدَ ٱلرَّحۡمَٰنُ وَصَدَقَ ٱلۡمُرۡسَلُونَ ٥٢

    قَالُوْا يٰوَيْلَنَا مَنْۢ بَعَثَنَا مِنْ مَّرْقَدِنَاۘࣝؔ هٰذَا مَا وَعَدَ الرَّحْمٰنُ وَصَدَقَ الْمُرْسَلُوْنَ ۝٥٢

    They will say, "O woe to us! Who has raised us up from our sleeping place?" [The reply will be], "This is what the Most Merciful had promised, and the messengers told the truth."

  2. إِن كَانَتۡ إِلَّا صَيۡحَةٗ وَٰحِدَةٗ فَإِذَا هُمۡ جَمِيعٞ لَّدَيۡنَا مُحۡضَرُونَ ٥٣

    اِنْ كَانَتْ اِلَّا صَيْحَةً وَّاحِدَةً فَاِذَا هُمْ جَمِيْعٌ لَّدَيْنَا مُحْضَرُوْنَ ۝٥٣

    It will not be but one blast, and at once they are all brought present before Us.

  3. فَٱلۡيَوۡمَ لَا تُظۡلَمُ نَفۡسٞ شَيۡـٔٗا وَلَا تُجۡزَوۡنَ إِلَّا مَا كُنتُمۡ تَعۡمَلُونَ ٥٤

    فَالْيَوْمَ لَا تُظْلَمُ نَفْسٌ شَيْـًٔا وَّلَا تُجْزَوْنَ اِلَّا مَا كُنْتُمْ تَعْمَلُوْنَ ۝٥٤

    So today [i.e., the Day of Judgement] no soul will be wronged at all, and you will not be recompensed except for what you used to do.

  4. إِنَّ أَصۡحَٰبَ ٱلۡجَنَّةِ ٱلۡيَوۡمَ فِي شُغُلٖ فَٰكِهُونَ ٥٥

    اِنَّ اَصْحٰبَ الْجَنَّةِ الْيَوْمَ فِيْ شُغُلٍ فٰكِهُوْنَ ۝٥٥ۚ

    Indeed the companions of Paradise, that Day, will be amused in [joyful] occupation -

  5. هُمۡ وَأَزۡوَٰجُهُمۡ فِي ظِلَٰلٍ عَلَى ٱلۡأَرَآئِكِ مُتَّكِـُٔونَ ٥٦

    هُمْ وَاَزْوَاجُهُمْ فِيْ ظِلٰلٍ عَلَي الْاَرَا࢜ىِٕكِ مُتَّكِـُٔوْنَ ۝٥٦

    They and their spouses - in shade, reclining on adorned couches.

  6. لَهُمۡ فِيهَا فَٰكِهَةٞ وَلَهُم مَّا يَدَّعُونَ ٥٧

    لَهُمْ فِيْهَا فَاكِهَةٌ وَّلَهُمْ مَّا يَدَّعُوْنَ ۝٥٧ۚۖ

    For them therein is fruit, and for them is whatever they request [or wish]

  7. سَلَٰمٞ قَوۡلٗا مِّن رَّبّٖ رَّحِيمٖ ٥٨

    سَلٰمٌࣞ قَوْلًا مِّنْ رَّبٍّ رَّحِيْمٍ ۝٥٨

    [And] "Peace," a word from a Merciful Lord.

  8. وَٱمۡتَٰزُواْ ٱلۡيَوۡمَ أَيُّهَا ٱلۡمُجۡرِمُونَ ٥٩

    وَامْتَازُوا الْيَوْمَ اَيُّهَا الْمُجْرِمُوْنَ ۝٥٩

    [Then He will say], "But stand apart today, you criminals.

The direct command dramatically confronts the guilty and separates their fate from the blessed.

As-Saffat 37:24–25

turns from He to You

  1. وَقِفُوهُمۡۖ إِنَّهُم مَّسۡـُٔولُونَ ٢٤

    وَقِفُوْهُمْ اِنَّهُمْ مَّسْـُٔوْلُوْنَ ۝٢٤ۙ

    And stop them; indeed, they are to be questioned."

  2. مَا لَكُمۡ لَا تَنَاصَرُونَ ٢٥

    مَا لَكُمْ لَا تَنَاصَرُوْنَ ۝٢٥

    [They will be asked], "What is [wrong] with you? Why do you not help each other?"

The direct question exposes the helplessness of the wrongdoers awaiting judgment.

Sad 38:55–59

turns from He to You

  1. هَٰذَاۚ وَإِنَّ لِلطَّٰغِينَ لَشَرَّ مَـَٔابٖ ٥٥

    هٰذَاؕ وَاِنَّ لِلطّٰغِيْنَ لَشَرَّ مَاٰبٍ ۝٥٥ۙ

    This [is so]. But indeed, for the transgressors is an evil place of return -

  2. جَهَنَّمَ يَصۡلَوۡنَهَا فَبِئۡسَ ٱلۡمِهَادُ ٥٦

    جَهَنَّمَۚ يَصْلَوْنَهَاۚ فَبِي͏ٔ͏ْسَ الْمِهَادُ ۝٥٦

    Hell, which they will [enter to] burn, and wretched is the resting place.

  3. هَٰذَا فَلۡيَذُوقُوهُ حَمِيمٞ وَغَسَّاقٞ ٥٧

    هٰذَاۙ فَلْيَذُوْقُوْهُ حَمِيْمٌ وَّغَسَّاقٌ ۝٥٧ۙ

    This - so let them taste it - is scalding water and [foul] purulence.

  4. وَءَاخَرُ مِن شَكۡلِهِۦٓ أَزۡوَٰجٌ ٥٨

    وَّاٰخَرُ مِنْ شَكْلِهٖٓ اَزْوَاجٌ ۝٥٨ؕ

    And other [punishments] of its type [in various] kinds.

  5. هَٰذَا فَوۡجٞ مُّقۡتَحِمٞ مَّعَكُمۡ لَا مَرۡحَبَۢا بِهِمۡۚ إِنَّهُمۡ صَالُواْ ٱلنَّارِ ٥٩

    هٰذَا فَوْجٌ مُّقْتَحِمٌ مَّعَكُمْۚ لَا مَرْحَبًاۢ بِهِمْؕ اِنَّهُمْ صَالُوا النَّارِ ۝٥٩

    [Its inhabitants will say], "This is a company bursting in with you. No welcome for them. Indeed, they will burn in the Fire."

Direct address makes the arrival of further condemned people part of an immediate scene in Hell.

Az-Zukhruf 43:15–16

turns from He to You

  1. وَجَعَلُواْ لَهُۥ مِنۡ عِبَادِهِۦ جُزۡءًاۚ إِنَّ ٱلۡإِنسَٰنَ لَكَفُورٞ مُّبِينٌ ١٥

    وَجَعَلُوْا لَهٗ مِنْ عِبَادِهٖ جُزْءًاؕ اِنَّ الْاِنْسَانَ لَكَفُوْرٌ مُّبِيْنٌ ۝١٥ؕ

    But they have attributed to Him from His servants a portion. Indeed, man is clearly ungrateful.

  2. أَمِ ٱتَّخَذَ مِمَّا يَخۡلُقُ بَنَاتٖ وَأَصۡفَىٰكُم بِٱلۡبَنِينَ ١٦

    اَمِ اتَّخَذَ مِمَّا يَخْلُقُ بَنٰتٍ وَّاَصْفٰىكُمْ بِالْبَنِيْنَ ۝١٦

    Or has He taken, out of what He has created, daughters and chosen you for [having] sons?

The direct reference to the audience's sons exposes the inconsistency of assigning daughters to God.

Muhammad 47:21–22

turns from He to You

  1. طَاعَةٞ وَقَوۡلٞ مَّعۡرُوفٞۚ فَإِذَا عَزَمَ ٱلۡأَمۡرُ فَلَوۡ صَدَقُواْ ٱللَّهَ لَكَانَ خَيۡرٗا لَّهُمۡ ٢١

    طَاعَةٌ وَّقَوْلٌ مَّعْرُوْفٌࣞ فَاِذَا عَزَمَ الْاَمْرُࣞ فَلَوْ صَدَقُوا اللّٰهَ لَكَانَ خَيْرًا لَّهُمْ ۝٢١ۚ

    Obedience and good words. And when the matter [of fighting] was determined, if they had been true to Allāh, it would have been better for them.

  2. فَهَلۡ عَسَيۡتُمۡ إِن تَوَلَّيۡتُمۡ أَن تُفۡسِدُواْ فِي ٱلۡأَرۡضِ وَتُقَطِّعُوٓاْ أَرۡحَامَكُمۡ ٢٢

    فَهَلْ عَسَيْتُمْ اِنْ تَوَلَّيْتُمْ اَنْ تُفْسِدُوْا فِي الْاَرْضِ وَتُقَطِّعُوْٓا اَرْحَامَكُمْ ۝٢٢

    So would you perhaps, if you turned away, cause corruption on earth and sever your [ties of] relationship?

Direct address confronts those described with the prospect of corruption and broken kinship ties.

Muhammad 47:29–30

turns from He to You

  1. أَمۡ حَسِبَ ٱلَّذِينَ فِي قُلُوبِهِم مَّرَضٌ أَن لَّن يُخۡرِجَ ٱللَّهُ أَضۡغَٰنَهُمۡ ٢٩

    اَمْ حَسِبَ الَّذِيْنَ فِيْ قُلُوْبِهِمْ مَّرَضٌ اَنْ لَّنْ يُّخْرِجَ اللّٰهُ اَضْغَانَهُمْ ۝٢٩

    Or do those in whose hearts is disease think that Allāh would never expose their [feelings of] hatred?

  2. وَلَوۡ نَشَآءُ لَأَرَيۡنَٰكَهُمۡ فَلَعَرَفۡتَهُم بِسِيمَٰهُمۡۚ وَلَتَعۡرِفَنَّهُمۡ فِي لَحۡنِ ٱلۡقَوۡلِۚ وَٱللَّهُ يَعۡلَمُ أَعۡمَٰلَكُمۡ ٣٠

    وَلَوْ نَشَا࢜ءُ لَاَرَيْنٰكَهُمْ فَلَعَرَفْتَهُمْ بِسِيْمٰهُمْؕ وَلَتَعْرِفَنَّهُمْ فِيْ لَحْنِ الْقَوْلِؕ وَاللّٰهُ يَعْلَمُ اَعْمَالَكُمْ ۝٣٠

    And if We willed, We could show them to you, and you would know them by their mark; but you will surely know them by the tone of [their] speech. And Allāh knows your deeds.

The final plural address about 'your deeds' turns scrutiny of hidden hostility into direct accountability.

Qaf 50:21–24

turns from He to You

  1. وَجَآءَتۡ كُلُّ نَفۡسٖ مَّعَهَا سَآئِقٞ وَشَهِيدٞ ٢١

    وَجَا࢜ءَتْ كُلُّ نَفْسٍ مَّعَهَا سَا࢜ىِٕقٌ وَّشَهِيْدٌ ۝٢١

    And every soul will come, with it a driver and a witness.

  2. لَّقَدۡ كُنتَ فِي غَفۡلَةٖ مِّنۡ هَٰذَا فَكَشَفۡنَا عَنكَ غِطَآءَكَ فَبَصَرُكَ ٱلۡيَوۡمَ حَدِيدٞ ٢٢

    لَقَدْ كُنْتَ فِيْ غَفْلَةٍ مِّنْ هٰذَا فَكَشَفْنَا عَنْكَ غِطَا࢜ءَكَ فَبَصَرُكَ الْيَوْمَ حَدِيْدٌ ۝٢٢

    [It will be said], "You were certainly in unmindfulness of this, and We have removed from you your cover, so your sight, this Day, is sharp."

  3. وَقَالَ قَرِينُهُۥ هَٰذَا مَا لَدَيَّ عَتِيدٌ ٢٣

    وَقَالَ قَرِيْنُهٗ هٰذَا مَا لَدَيَّ عَتِيْدٌ ۝٢٣ؕ

    And his companion, [the angel], will say, "This [record] is what is with me, prepared."

  4. أَلۡقِيَا فِي جَهَنَّمَ كُلَّ كَفَّارٍ عَنِيدٖ ٢٤

    اَلْقِيَا فِيْ جَهَنَّمَ كُلَّ كَفَّارٍ عَنِيْدٍ ۝٢٤ۙ

    [Allāh will say], "Throw into Hell every obstinate disbeliever,

Disputed

The dual command dramatizes the sentence, but identifying its two addressees with the previously mentioned attendants requires interpretation.

At-Tur 52:13–14

turns from He to You

  1. يَوۡمَ يُدَعُّونَ إِلَىٰ نَارِ جَهَنَّمَ دَعًّا ١٣

    يَوْمَ يُدَعُّوْنَ اِلٰي نَارِ جَهَنَّمَ دَعًّا ۝١٣ؕ

    The Day they are thrust toward the fire of Hell with a [violent] thrust, [its angels will say],

  2. هَٰذِهِ ٱلنَّارُ ٱلَّتِي كُنتُم بِهَا تُكَذِّبُونَ ١٤

    هٰذِهِ النَّارُ الَّتِيْ كُنْتُمْ بِهَا تُكَذِّبُوْنَ ۝١٤

    "This is the Fire which you used to deny.

Direct address makes the formerly denied Fire an immediate reality for its rejecters.

At-Tur 52:18–19

turns from He to You

  1. فَٰكِهِينَ بِمَآ ءَاتَىٰهُمۡ رَبُّهُمۡ وَوَقَىٰهُمۡ رَبُّهُمۡ عَذَابَ ٱلۡجَحِيمِ ١٨

    فٰكِهِيْنَ بِمَا͏ٓ اٰتٰىهُمْ رَبُّهُمْۚ وَوَقٰىهُمْ رَبُّهُمْ عَذَابَ الْجَحِيْمِ ۝١٨

    Enjoying what their Lord has given them, and their Lord protected them from the punishment of Hellfire.

  2. كُلُواْ وَٱشۡرَبُواْ هَنِيٓـَٔۢا بِمَا كُنتُمۡ تَعۡمَلُونَ ١٩

    كُلُوْا وَاشْرَبُوْا هَنِيْ࢜ـًٔاۢ بِمَا كُنْتُمْ تَعْمَلُوْنَ ۝١٩ۙ

    [They will be told], "Eat and drink in satisfaction for what you used to do."

The direct invitation to eat and drink personally honors those described as blessed.

At-Tur 52:38–39

turns from He to You

  1. أَمۡ لَهُمۡ سُلَّمٞ يَسۡتَمِعُونَ فِيهِۖ فَلۡيَأۡتِ مُسۡتَمِعُهُم بِسُلۡطَٰنٖ مُّبِينٍ ٣٨

    اَمْ لَهُمْ سُلَّمٌ يَّسْتَمِعُوْنَ فِيْهِۚ فَلْيَاْتِ مُسْتَمِعُهُمْ بِسُلْطٰنٍ مُّبِيْنٍ ۝٣٨ؕ

    Or have they a stairway [into the heaven] upon which they listen? Then let their listener produce a clear authority [i.e., proof].

  2. أَمۡ لَهُ ٱلۡبَنَٰتُ وَلَكُمُ ٱلۡبَنُونَ ٣٩

    اَمْ لَهُ الْبَنٰتُ وَلَكُمُ الْبَنُوْنَ ۝٣٩ؕ

    Or has He daughters while you have sons?

The direct reference to the audience's sons sharpens the rebuke of their claims about divine daughters.

Ar-Rahman 55:3–13

turns from He to You

  1. خَلَقَ ٱلۡإِنسَٰنَ ٣

    خَلَقَ الْاِنْسَانَ ۝٣ۙ

    Created man,

  2. عَلَّمَهُ ٱلۡبَيَانَ ٤

    عَلَّمَهُ الْبَيَانَ ۝٤

    [And] taught him eloquence.

  3. ٱلشَّمۡسُ وَٱلۡقَمَرُ بِحُسۡبَانٖ ٥

    اَلشَّمْسُ وَالْقَمَرُ بِحُسْبَانٍ ۝٥ۙ

    The sun and the moon [move] by precise calculation,

  4. وَٱلنَّجۡمُ وَٱلشَّجَرُ يَسۡجُدَانِ ٦

    وَّالنَّجْمُ وَالشَّجَرُ يَسْجُدٰنِ ۝٦

    And the stars and trees prostrate.

  5. وَٱلسَّمَآءَ رَفَعَهَا وَوَضَعَ ٱلۡمِيزَانَ ٧

    وَالسَّمَا࢜ءَ رَفَعَهَا وَوَضَعَ الْمِيْزَانَ ۝٧ۙ

    And the heaven He raised and imposed the balance

  6. أَلَّا تَطۡغَوۡاْ فِي ٱلۡمِيزَانِ ٨

    اَلَّا تَطْغَوْا فِي الْمِيْزَانِ ۝٨

    That you not transgress within the balance.

  7. وَأَقِيمُواْ ٱلۡوَزۡنَ بِٱلۡقِسۡطِ وَلَا تُخۡسِرُواْ ٱلۡمِيزَانَ ٩

    وَاَقِيْمُوا الْوَزْنَ بِالْقِسْطِ وَلَا تُخْسِرُوا الْمِيْزَانَ ۝٩

    And establish weight in justice and do not make deficient the balance.

  8. وَٱلۡأَرۡضَ وَضَعَهَا لِلۡأَنَامِ ١٠

    وَالْاَرْضَ وَضَعَهَا لِلْاَنَامِ ۝١٠ۙ

    And the earth He laid [out] for the creatures.

  9. فِيهَا فَٰكِهَةٞ وَٱلنَّخۡلُ ذَاتُ ٱلۡأَكۡمَامِ ١١

    فِيْهَا فَاكِهَةٌ وَّالنَّخْلُ ذَاتُ الْاَكْمَامِ ۝١١ۖ

    Therein is fruit and palm trees having sheaths [of dates]

  10. وَٱلۡحَبُّ ذُو ٱلۡعَصۡفِ وَٱلرَّيۡحَانُ ١٢

    وَالْحَبُّ ذُو الْعَصْفِ وَالرَّيْحَانُ ۝١٢ۚ

    And grain having husks and scented plants.

  11. فَبِأَيِّ ءَالَآءِ رَبِّكُمَا تُكَذِّبَانِ ١٣

    فَبِاَيِّ اٰلَا࢜ءِ رَبِّكُمَا تُكَذِّبٰنِ ۝١٣

    So which of the favors of your Lord would you deny?

The repeated dual address calls humans and jinn to acknowledge the favors just described.

Al-Waqi'ah 56:45–51

turns from He to You

  1. إِنَّهُمۡ كَانُواْ قَبۡلَ ذَٰلِكَ مُتۡرَفِينَ ٤٥

    اِنَّهُمْ كَانُوْا قَبْلَ ذٰلِكَ مُتْرَفِيْنَ ۝٤٥ۚۖ

    Indeed they were, before that, indulging in affluence,

  2. وَكَانُواْ يُصِرُّونَ عَلَى ٱلۡحِنثِ ٱلۡعَظِيمِ ٤٦

    وَكَانُوْا يُصِرُّوْنَ عَلَي الْحِنْثِ الْعَظِيْمِ ۝٤٦ۚ

    And they used to persist in the great violation,

  3. وَكَانُواْ يَقُولُونَ أَئِذَا مِتۡنَا وَكُنَّا تُرَابٗا وَعِظَٰمًا أَءِنَّا لَمَبۡعُوثُونَ ٤٧

    وَكَانُوْا يَقُوْلُوْنَ࣢ۙ اَىِٕذَا مِتْنَا وَكُنَّا تُرَابًا وَّعِظَامًا ءَاِنَّا لَمَبْعُوْثُوْنَ ۝٤٧ۙ

    And they used to say, "When we die and become dust and bones, are we indeed to be resurrected?

  4. أَوَءَابَآؤُنَا ٱلۡأَوَّلُونَ ٤٨

    اَوَاٰبَا࢜و͏ٔ͏ُنَا الْاَوَّلُوْنَ ۝٤٨

    And our forefathers [as well]?"

  5. قُلۡ إِنَّ ٱلۡأَوَّلِينَ وَٱلۡأٓخِرِينَ ٤٩

    قُلْ اِنَّ الْاَوَّلِيْنَ وَالْاٰخِرِيْنَ ۝٤٩ۙ

    Say, [O Muḥammad], "Indeed, the former and later peoples

  6. لَمَجۡمُوعُونَ إِلَىٰ مِيقَٰتِ يَوۡمٖ مَّعۡلُومٖ ٥٠

    لَمَجْمُوْعُوْنَ࣢ۙ اِلٰي مِيْقَاتِ يَوْمٍ مَّعْلُوْمٍ ۝٥٠

    Are to be gathered together for the appointment of a known Day."

  7. ثُمَّ إِنَّكُمۡ أَيُّهَا ٱلضَّآلُّونَ ٱلۡمُكَذِّبُونَ ٥١

    ثُمَّ اِنَّكُمْ اَيُّهَا الضَّا࢜لُّوْنَ الْمُكَذِّبُوْنَ ۝٥١ۙ

    Then indeed you, O those astray [who are] deniers,

Direct address makes the judgment on the erring deniers personally threatening.

Al-Waqi'ah 56:90–91

turns from He to You

  1. وَأَمَّآ إِن كَانَ مِنۡ أَصۡحَٰبِ ٱلۡيَمِينِ ٩٠

    وَاَمَّا͏ٓ اِنْ كَانَ مِنْ اَصْحٰبِ الْيَمِيْنِ ۝٩٠ۙ

    And if he was of the companions of the right,

  2. فَسَلَٰمٞ لَّكَ مِنۡ أَصۡحَٰبِ ٱلۡيَمِينِ ٩١

    فَسَلٰمٌ لَّكَ مِنْ اَصْحٰبِ الْيَمِيْنِ ۝٩١ؕ

    Then [the angels will say], "Peace for you; [you are] from the companions of the right."

The direct greeting personally welcomes the dying person classified among the people of the right.

Al-Hadid 57:16–17

turns from He to You

  1. أَلَمۡ يَأۡنِ لِلَّذِينَ ءَامَنُوٓاْ أَن تَخۡشَعَ قُلُوبُهُمۡ لِذِكۡرِ ٱللَّهِ وَمَا نَزَلَ مِنَ ٱلۡحَقِّ وَلَا يَكُونُواْ كَٱلَّذِينَ أُوتُواْ ٱلۡكِتَٰبَ مِن قَبۡلُ فَطَالَ عَلَيۡهِمُ ٱلۡأَمَدُ فَقَسَتۡ قُلُوبُهُمۡۖ وَكَثِيرٞ مِّنۡهُمۡ فَٰسِقُونَ ١٦

    اَلَمْ يَاْنِ لِلَّذِيْنَ اٰمَنُوْٓا اَنْ تَخْشَعَ قُلُوْبُهُمْ لِذِكْرِ اللّٰهِ وَمَا نَزَلَ مِنَ الْحَقِّۙ وَلَا يَكُوْنُوْا كَالَّذِيْنَ اُوْتُوا الْكِتٰبَ مِنْ قَبْلُ فَطَالَ عَلَيْهِمُ الْاَمَدُ فَقَسَتْ قُلُوْبُهُمْؕ وَكَثِيْرٌ مِّنْهُمْ فٰسِقُوْنَ ۝١٦

    Has the time not come for those who have believed that their hearts should become humbly submissive at the remembrance of Allāh and what has come down of the truth? And let them not be like those who were given the Scripture before, and a long period passed over them, so their hearts hardened; and many of them are defiantly disobedient.

  2. ٱعۡلَمُوٓاْ أَنَّ ٱللَّهَ يُحۡيِ ٱلۡأَرۡضَ بَعۡدَ مَوۡتِهَاۚ قَدۡ بَيَّنَّا لَكُمُ ٱلۡأٓيَٰتِ لَعَلَّكُمۡ تَعۡقِلُونَ ١٧

    اِعْلَمُوْٓا اَنَّ اللّٰهَ يُحْيِ الْاَرْضَ بَعْدَ مَوْتِهَاؕ قَدْ بَيَّنَّا لَكُمُ الْاٰيٰتِ لَعَلَّكُمْ تَعْقِلُوْنَ ۝١٧

    Know that Allāh gives life to the earth after its lifelessness. We have made clear to you the signs; perhaps you will understand.

Direct address calls the believers to reflect on revived earth and clarified signs.

Al-Hadid 57:19–20

turns from He to You

  1. وَٱلَّذِينَ ءَامَنُواْ بِٱللَّهِ وَرُسُلِهِۦٓ أُوْلَٰٓئِكَ هُمُ ٱلصِّدِّيقُونَۖ وَٱلشُّهَدَآءُ عِندَ رَبِّهِمۡ لَهُمۡ أَجۡرُهُمۡ وَنُورُهُمۡۖ وَٱلَّذِينَ كَفَرُواْ وَكَذَّبُواْ بِـَٔايَٰتِنَآ أُوْلَٰٓئِكَ أَصۡحَٰبُ ٱلۡجَحِيمِ ١٩

    وَالَّذِيْنَ اٰمَنُوْا بِاللّٰهِ وَرُسُلِهٖٓ اُولٰ࢜ىِٕكَ هُمُ الصِّدِّيْقُوْنَࣗۖ وَالشُّهَدَا࢜ءُ عِنْدَ رَبِّهِمْؕ لَهُمْ اَجْرُهُمْ وَنُوْرُهُمْؕ وَالَّذِيْنَ كَفَرُوْا وَكَذَّبُوْا بِاٰيٰتِنَا͏ٓ اُولٰ࢜ىِٕكَ اَصْحٰبُ الْجَحِيْمِ ۝١٩

    And those who have believed in Allāh and His messengers - those are [in the ranks of] the supporters of truth and the martyrs, with their Lord. For them is their reward and their light. But those who have disbelieved and denied Our verses - those are the companions of Hellfire.

  2. ٱعۡلَمُوٓاْ أَنَّمَا ٱلۡحَيَوٰةُ ٱلدُّنۡيَا لَعِبٞ وَلَهۡوٞ وَزِينَةٞ وَتَفَاخُرُۢ بَيۡنَكُمۡ وَتَكَاثُرٞ فِي ٱلۡأَمۡوَٰلِ وَٱلۡأَوۡلَٰدِۖ كَمَثَلِ غَيۡثٍ أَعۡجَبَ ٱلۡكُفَّارَ نَبَاتُهُۥ ثُمَّ يَهِيجُ فَتَرَىٰهُ مُصۡفَرّٗا ثُمَّ يَكُونُ حُطَٰمٗاۖ وَفِي ٱلۡأٓخِرَةِ عَذَابٞ شَدِيدٞ وَمَغۡفِرَةٞ مِّنَ ٱللَّهِ وَرِضۡوَٰنٞۚ وَمَا ٱلۡحَيَوٰةُ ٱلدُّنۡيَآ إِلَّا مَتَٰعُ ٱلۡغُرُورِ ٢٠

    اِعْلَمُوْٓا اَنَّمَا الْحَيٰوةُ الدُّنْيَا لَعِبٌ وَّلَهْوٌ وَّزِيْنَةٌ وَّتَفَاخُرٌۢ بَيْنَكُمْ وَتَكَاثُرٌ فِي الْاَمْوَالِ وَالْاَوْلَادِؕ كَمَثَلِ غَيْثٍ اَعْجَبَ الْكُفَّارَ نَبَاتُهٗ ثُمَّ يَهِيْجُ فَتَرٰىهُ مُصْفَرًّا ثُمَّ يَكُوْنُ حُطَامًاؕ وَفِي الْاٰخِرَةِ عَذَابٌ شَدِيْدٌۙ وَّمَغْفِرَةٌ مِّنَ اللّٰهِ وَرِضْوَانٌؕ وَمَا الْحَيٰوةُ الدُّنْيَا͏ٓ اِلَّا مَتَاعُ الْغُرُوْرِ ۝٢٠

    Know that the life of this world is but amusement and diversion and adornment and boasting to one another and competition in increase of wealth and children - like the example of a rain whose [resulting] plant growth pleases the tillers; then it dries and you see it turned yellow; then it becomes [scattered] debris. And in the Hereafter is severe punishment and forgiveness from Allāh and approval. And what is the worldly life except the enjoyment of delusion.

Direct address makes the warning about worldly distraction a present lesson for the audience.

Al-Mulk 67:12–13

turns from He to You

  1. إِنَّ ٱلَّذِينَ يَخۡشَوۡنَ رَبَّهُم بِٱلۡغَيۡبِ لَهُم مَّغۡفِرَةٞ وَأَجۡرٞ كَبِيرٞ ١٢

    اِنَّ الَّذِيْنَ يَخْشَوْنَ رَبَّهُمْ بِالْغَيْبِ لَهُمْ مَّغْفِرَةٌ وَّاَجْرٌ كَبِيْرٌ ۝١٢

    Indeed, those who fear their Lord unseen will have forgiveness and great reward.

  2. وَأَسِرُّواْ قَوۡلَكُمۡ أَوِ ٱجۡهَرُواْ بِهِۦٓۖ إِنَّهُۥ عَلِيمُۢ بِذَاتِ ٱلصُّدُورِ ١٣

    وَاَسِرُّوْا قَوْلَكُمْ اَوِ اجْهَرُوْا بِهٖؕ اِنَّهٗ عَلِيْمٌۢ بِذَاتِ الصُّدُوْرِ ۝١٣

    And conceal your speech or publicize it; indeed, He is Knowing of that within the breasts.

The direct address about concealed or spoken words makes God's knowledge personally relevant.

Al-Qiyamah 75:31–34

turns from He to You

  1. فَلَا صَدَّقَ وَلَا صَلَّىٰ ٣١

    فَلَا صَدَّقَ وَلَا صَلّٰى ۝٣١ۙ

    And he [i.e., the disbeliever] had not believed, nor had he prayed.

  2. وَلَٰكِن كَذَّبَ وَتَوَلَّىٰ ٣٢

    وَلٰكِنْ كَذَّبَ وَتَوَلّٰى ۝٣٢ۙ

    But [instead], he denied and turned away.

  3. ثُمَّ ذَهَبَ إِلَىٰٓ أَهۡلِهِۦ يَتَمَطَّىٰٓ ٣٣

    ثُمَّ ذَهَبَ اِلٰٓي اَهْلِهٖ يَتَمَطّٰى ۝٣٣ؕ

    And then he went to his people, swaggering [in pride].

  4. أَوۡلَىٰ لَكَ فَأَوۡلَىٰ ٣٤

    اَوْلٰى لَكَ فَاَوْلٰى ۝٣٤ۙ

    Woe to you, and woe!

Direct address turns the report about the negligent denier into a personal threat.

Al-Insan 76:21–22

turns from He to You

  1. عَٰلِيَهُمۡ ثِيَابُ سُندُسٍ خُضۡرٞ وَإِسۡتَبۡرَقٞۖ وَحُلُّوٓاْ أَسَاوِرَ مِن فِضَّةٖ وَسَقَىٰهُمۡ رَبُّهُمۡ شَرَابٗا طَهُورًا ٢١

    عٰلِيَهُمْ ثِيَابُ سُنْدُسٍ خُضْرٌ وَّاِسْتَبْرَقٌؗ وَّحُلُّوْٓا اَسَاوِرَ مِنْ فِضَّةٍۚ وَسَقٰىهُمْ رَبُّهُمْ شَرَابًا طَهُوْرًا ۝٢١

    Upon them [i.e., the inhabitants] will be green garments of fine silk and brocade. And they will be adorned with bracelets of silver, and their Lord will give them a purifying drink.

  2. إِنَّ هَٰذَا كَانَ لَكُمۡ جَزَآءٗ وَكَانَ سَعۡيُكُم مَّشۡكُورًا ٢٢

    اِنَّ هٰذَا كَانَ لَكُمْ جَزَا࢜ءً وَّكَانَ سَعْيُكُمْ مَّشْكُوْرًا ۝٢٢

    [And it will be said], "Indeed, this is for you a reward, and your effort has been appreciated."

The direct declaration of reward personally honors the blessed and acknowledges their efforts.

Al-Insan 76:29–30

turns from He to You

  1. إِنَّ هَٰذِهِۦ تَذۡكِرَةٞۖ فَمَن شَآءَ ٱتَّخَذَ إِلَىٰ رَبِّهِۦ سَبِيلٗا ٢٩

    اِنَّ هٰذِهٖ تَذْكِرَةٌۚ فَمَنْ شَا࢜ءَ اتَّخَذَ اِلٰي رَبِّهٖ سَبِيْلًا ۝٢٩

    Indeed, this is a reminder, so he who wills may take to his Lord a way.

  2. وَمَا تَشَآءُونَ إِلَّآ أَن يَشَآءَ ٱللَّهُۚ إِنَّ ٱللَّهَ كَانَ عَلِيمًا حَكِيمٗا ٣٠

    وَمَا تَشَا࢜ءُوْنَ اِلَّا͏ٓ اَنْ يَّشَا࢜ءَ اللّٰهُؕ اِنَّ اللّٰهَ كَانَ عَلِيْمًا حَكِيْمًا ۝٣٠ࣗۖ

    And you do not will except that Allāh wills. Indeed, Allāh is ever Knowing and Wise.

Direct address makes the general freedom to choose a path subject to God's will for the audience.

Al-Mursalat 77:37–38

turns from He to You

  1. وَيۡلٞ يَوۡمَئِذٖ لِّلۡمُكَذِّبِينَ ٣٧

    وَيْلٌ يَّوْمَىِٕذٍ لِّلْمُكَذِّبِيْنَ ۝٣٧

    Woe, that Day, to the deniers.

  2. هَٰذَا يَوۡمُ ٱلۡفَصۡلِۖ جَمَعۡنَٰكُمۡ وَٱلۡأَوَّلِينَ ٣٨

    هٰذَا يَوْمُ الْفَصْلِۚ جَمَعْنٰكُمْ وَالْاَوَّلِيْنَ ۝٣٨

    This is the Day of Judgement; We will have assembled you and the former peoples.

The direct announcement of gathering confronts the deniers with the Day of Decision.

Al-Mursalat 77:41–43

turns from He to You

  1. إِنَّ ٱلۡمُتَّقِينَ فِي ظِلَٰلٖ وَعُيُونٖ ٤١

    اِنَّ الْمُتَّقِيْنَ فِيْ ظِلٰلٍ وَّعُيُوْنٍ ۝٤١ۙ

    Indeed, the righteous will be among shades and springs

  2. وَفَوَٰكِهَ مِمَّا يَشۡتَهُونَ ٤٢

    وَّفَوَاكِهَ مِمَّا يَشْتَهُوْنَ ۝٤٢ؕ

    And fruits from whatever they desire,

  3. كُلُواْ وَٱشۡرَبُواْ هَنِيٓـَٔۢا بِمَا كُنتُمۡ تَعۡمَلُونَ ٤٣

    كُلُوْا وَاشْرَبُوْا هَنِيْ࢜ـًٔاۢ بِمَا كُنْتُمْ تَعْمَلُوْنَ ۝٤٣

    [Being told], "Eat and drink in satisfaction for what you used to do."

The direct invitation to enjoy provision personally honors the God-fearing.

An-Naba 78:27–30

turns from He to You

  1. إِنَّهُمۡ كَانُواْ لَا يَرۡجُونَ حِسَابٗا ٢٧

    اِنَّهُمْ كَانُوْا لَا يَرْجُوْنَ حِسَابًا ۝٢٧ۙ

    Indeed, they were not expecting an account

  2. وَكَذَّبُواْ بِـَٔايَٰتِنَا كِذَّابٗا ٢٨

    وَّكَذَّبُوْا بِاٰيٰتِنَا كِذَّابًا ۝٢٨ؕ

    And denied Our verses with [emphatic] denial.

  3. وَكُلَّ شَيۡءٍ أَحۡصَيۡنَٰهُ كِتَٰبٗا ٢٩

    وَكُلَّ شَيْءٍ اَحْصَيْنٰهُ كِتٰبًا ۝٢٩ۙ

    But all things We have enumerated in writing.

  4. فَذُوقُواْ فَلَن نَّزِيدَكُمۡ إِلَّا عَذَابًا ٣٠

    فَذُوْقُوْا فَلَنْ نَّزِيْدَكُمْ اِلَّا عَذَابًا ۝٣٠

    "So taste [the penalty], and never will We increase you except in torment."

The direct command to taste punishment makes the narrated fate of the deniers immediate.

An-Naba 78:35–36

turns from He to You

  1. لَّا يَسۡمَعُونَ فِيهَا لَغۡوٗا وَلَا كِذَّٰبٗا ٣٥

    لَا يَسْمَعُوْنَ فِيْهَا لَغْوًا وَّلَا كِذّٰبًا ۝٣٥ۚ

    No ill speech will they hear therein or any falsehood -

  2. جَزَآءٗ مِّن رَّبِّكَ عَطَآءً حِسَابٗا ٣٦

    جَزَا࢜ءً مِّنْ رَّبِّكَ عَطَا࢜ءً حِسَابًا ۝٣٦ۙ

    [As] reward from your Lord, [a generous] gift [made due by] account,

Disputed

The phrase 'your Lord' addresses the Prophet or listener after describing Paradise's inhabitants; the referent changes, so strict person-shift identity is not established.

'Abasa 80:1–3

turns from He to You

  1. عَبَسَ وَتَوَلَّىٰٓ ١

    عَبَسَ وَتَوَلّٰٓي ۝١ۙ

    He [i.e., the Prophet (ﷺ) ] frowned and turned away

  2. أَن جَآءَهُ ٱلۡأَعۡمَىٰ ٢

    اَنْ جَا࢜ءَهُ الْاَعْمٰى ۝٢ؕ

    Because there came to him the blind man, [interrupting].

  3. وَمَا يُدۡرِيكَ لَعَلَّهُۥ يَزَّكَّىٰٓ ٣

    وَمَا يُدْرِيْكَ لَعَلَّهٗ يَزَّكّٰٓي ۝٣ۙ

    But what would make you perceive, [O Muḥammad], that perhaps he might be purified

Direct address makes the initial account of frowning into a forceful reprimand to the Prophet.

Al-A'la 87:14–16

turns from He to You

  1. قَدۡ أَفۡلَحَ مَن تَزَكَّىٰ ١٤

    قَدْ اَفْلَحَ مَنْ تَزَكّٰي ۝١٤ۙ

    He has certainly succeeded who purifies himself

  2. وَذَكَرَ ٱسۡمَ رَبِّهِۦ فَصَلَّىٰ ١٥

    وَذَكَرَ اسْمَ رَبِّهٖ فَصَلّٰي ۝١٥ؕ

    And mentions the name of his Lord and prays.

  3. بَلۡ تُؤۡثِرُونَ ٱلۡحَيَوٰةَ ٱلدُّنۡيَا ١٦

    بَلْ تُو͏ٔ͏ْثِرُوْنَ الْحَيٰوةَ الدُّنْيَا ۝١٦ۚۖ

    But you prefer the worldly life,

Disputed

Direct address warns the audience about preferring worldly life, but the preceding successful person need not be the same referent.